Exanthem

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Exanthem
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Rash, fever, malaise, headache
Complications	Secondary infection, scarring
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Varies depending on cause
Types	N/A
Causes	Viral infection, bacterial infection, drug reaction
Risks	Immunocompromised, young children, unvaccinated individuals
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, skin biopsy, blood test
Differential diagnosis	Measles, rubella, roseola, scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease
Prevention	Vaccination, hygiene
Treatment	Symptomatic treatment, antihistamines, antipyretics
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Common in children
Deaths	N/A

Exanthem

Introduction

Illustration of Exanthem, showcasing a widespread acute rash on the skin.

Exanthem refers to a widespread, acute rash that appears on the skin. It is commonly associated with viral infections, allergies, or as a reaction to medications. Exanthems are especially prevalent in children and can be a key indicator of certain diseases.

Causes

Exanthem can be triggered by various factors:

• Viral Infections: Such as measles, rubella, and chickenpox.
• Bacterial Infections: Including scarlet fever and certain forms of meningitis.
• Drug Reactions: Some medications can cause allergic skin reactions.
• Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like lupus may present with exanthematic rashes.

Types of Exanthem

Exanthem is categorized into several types, each with distinct characteristics:

• Exanthem Subitum (Roseola Infantum): Characterized by high fever and a rash that appears as the fever subsides.
• Rubella (German Measles): Features fine, pink rashes.
• Measles (Rubeola): Known for its large, flat blotches that flow into one another.
• Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease): Causes a ‚Äúslapped cheek‚Äù appearance in children.
• Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Presents with sores in the mouth and a rash on the hands and feet.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing exanthem involves:

• Clinical Examination: Assessing the type, location, and pattern of the rash.
• Medical History: Reviewing symptoms and exposure to potential triggers.
• Laboratory Tests: Blood tests, throat swabs, or skin biopsies, if necessary.

Treatment

Treatment of exanthem varies based on the underlying cause:

• Viral Exanthems: Generally require no treatment, as they resolve on their own.
• Bacterial Infections: Treated with antibiotics.
• Allergic Reactions: Managed with antihistamines or steroids.
• Supportive Care: Includes hydration and fever management.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Vaccinations: Against diseases like measles and rubella.
• Good Hygiene Practices: To reduce the risk of infection.
• Avoiding Known Allergens: If allergic reactions are the cause.

See Also

• Skin Rash
• Viral Infections
• Allergic Reactions

External Links

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Skin Rashes
• World Health Organization - Disease Outbreaks

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