Cytomegalovirus infections

Cytomegalovirus Infections

Cytomegalovirus infections (pronounced as: sy-toe-MEG-a-low-vy-rus), often abbreviated as CMV, are a type of viral infection caused by the Cytomegalovirus. The term originates from the Greek words 'kytos' meaning 'cell', 'megalos' meaning 'large', and 'virus', a Latin term for 'poison'.

Overview

Cytomegalovirus is a member of the Herpesviridae family, which also includes herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Like other herpesviruses, CMV has the ability to remain dormant in the body over a long period of time.

Symptoms

Most people infected with CMV show no signs or symptoms. However, it can cause serious health problems for people with weakened immune systems and for unborn babies (when the mother is infected during pregnancy).

Transmission

CMV is spread through close personal contact, such as sexual contact, breastfeeding, blood transfusions, and organ transplants. It can also be passed from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CMV infection can be made by serological tests that detect antibodies to CMV in the blood. Other tests include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture tests.

Treatment

Treatment for CMV infection is usually not necessary for healthy individuals. However, antiviral medications may be used for people with weakened immune systems or for newborns with symptoms of congenital CMV infection.

Prevention

Prevention strategies include practicing safe sex, regular hand washing, and not sharing food, drinks, or personal items with people who have CMV infection.

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Cytomegalovirus infections