Mononegavirales

Mononegavirales is an order of viruses that includes five families of related viruses. These viruses are characterized by their non-segmented, negative-sense RNA genomes. The order was established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in 1991.

Taxonomy

The order Mononegavirales includes the following families:

• Bornaviridae
• Filoviridae
• Myxoviridae
• Paramyxoviridae
• Rhabdoviridae

Each of these families includes a number of individual virus species.

Characteristics

Mononegavirales viruses are enveloped, with spherical to filamentous shapes. The genome is non-segmented, negative-sense RNA, which means that the virus must carry its own enzyme to produce messenger RNA that can be translated into proteins by the host cell.

Replication

The replication of Mononegavirales viruses occurs in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The virus enters the cell by endocytosis, and the RNA genome is transcribed into positive-sense mRNAs by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. These mRNAs are then translated into viral proteins by the host cell's machinery.

Pathogenesis

Mononegavirales viruses can cause a variety of diseases in humans and other animals. For example, the Filoviridae family includes the Ebola and Marburg viruses, which cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans. The Paramyxoviridae family includes the measles virus and the mumps virus.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention of Mononegavirales infections primarily involves vaccination. Vaccines are available for many Mononegavirales viruses, including measles, mumps, and rabies. Treatment of infections caused by these viruses is primarily supportive, as there are few antiviral drugs available that are effective against these viruses.

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Mononegavirales

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