Togaviridae
Togaviridae
Togaviridae (pronounced: toh-guh-vi-ruh-dee) is a family of viruses that includes some significant human pathogens. The name "Togaviridae" is derived from the Latin toga, meaning "cloak", and viridae, meaning "green", in reference to the enveloped nature of these viruses.
Etymology
The term Togaviridae is derived from the Latin word toga, referring to the enveloped nature of these viruses, and viridae, meaning "green". The name was chosen to reflect the fact that these viruses are enveloped by a lipid bilayer, similar to a cloak or toga.
Classification
The family Togaviridae is divided into two genera: Alphavirus and Rubivirus. The Alphavirus genus includes viruses such as Chikungunya virus and Ross River virus, while the Rubivirus genus includes the well-known Rubella virus, the causative agent of German measles.
Structure and Replication
Togaviridae viruses are enveloped, with icosahedral symmetry. Their genomes are linear and non-segmented, positive-sense single-stranded RNA. The replication cycle is cytoplasmic. After entry into the host cell, the virus uncoats and releases its RNA into the cytoplasm. The RNA is then translated into proteins, which are processed and assembled into new virions.
Pathogenesis
Viruses in the Togaviridae family can cause a range of diseases in humans, from mild febrile illnesses to severe neurological conditions. The most well-known disease caused by a Togaviridae virus is rubella, or German measles, caused by the Rubella virus.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Togaviridae
- Wikipedia's article - Togaviridae
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