Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

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Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Synonyms	Ritter's disease, SSSS
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Fever, irritability, widespread redness of the skin, blisters, peeling skin
Complications	Dehydration, secondary infection
Onset	Infancy or early childhood
Duration	5 to 7 days
Types	N/A
Causes	Staphylococcus aureus infection
Risks	Newborns, immunocompromised individuals
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, skin biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Toxic epidermal necrolysis, bullous impetigo, Kawasaki disease
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Antibiotics, supportive care
Medication	Nafcillin, oxacillin, vancomycin
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) is a bacterial infection caused by the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. This condition primarily affects infants and children, but can also occur in adults with weakened immune systems.

Causes

SSSS is caused by the release of two exotoxins (exfoliative toxins A and B) by the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. These toxins cause the outer layers of the skin to blister and peel off, leading to the characteristic symptoms of the condition.

Symptoms

The initial symptoms of SSSS include fever, irritability, and widespread redness of the skin. This is followed by the formation of fluid-filled blisters that rupture easily, leading to the peeling off of large sheets of skin. The exposed skin underneath is tender and red, resembling a burn.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of SSSS is primarily based on the characteristic clinical presentation. Laboratory tests, such as bacterial culture and antibody detection, can be used to confirm the diagnosis and identify the causative bacterium.

Treatment

Treatment of SSSS involves the administration of antibiotics to eliminate the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. Supportive care, including fluid replacement and pain management, is also important. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of SSSS involves good hygiene practices to prevent the spread of the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. This includes regular hand washing, especially in healthcare settings.

See also

• Staphylococcus aureus
• Exotoxin
• Bacterial culture
• Antibiotics

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