Melioidosis

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Melioidosis

Melioidosis (pronounced: mel-ee-oy-doh-sis), also known as Whitmore's disease, is an infectious disease caused by a Gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei. The disease is not easily diagnosed due to its diverse range of symptoms, which can be confused with other diseases such as tuberculosis or more common forms of pneumonia.

Etymology

The term "Melioidosis" is derived from the Greek words "melis" meaning "distemper of asses" and "eidos" meaning "resemblance", indicating the disease's similarity to a glanders infection in equines. The disease was first described by Alfred Whitmore and C.S. Krishnaswami in Burma in 1912, hence the alternative name, "Whitmore's disease".

Symptoms

Melioidosis presents with a wide range of symptoms, which can include fever, cough, chest pain, and weight loss. More severe cases can lead to abscesses in various organs of the body, septicemia, and even death if not treated promptly. The disease can be acute, subacute, or chronic, with the chronic form often mistaken for tuberculosis due to similar symptoms.

Transmission

Melioidosis is primarily contracted through direct contact with contaminated soil and water, particularly in areas where Burkholderia pseudomallei is endemic. The bacteria can enter the body through cuts and abrasions in the skin, inhalation, or ingestion. Person-to-person transmission is extremely rare.

Treatment

Treatment for Melioidosis typically involves an initial intensive phase of intravenous antibiotics, such as ceftazidime or meropenem, followed by a prolonged course of oral antibiotics. Despite treatment, relapse can occur in some patients.

Prevention

Prevention of Melioidosis involves avoiding contact with contaminated soil and water in endemic areas, particularly during the rainy season when the bacteria are more prevalent. Wearing protective clothing and footwear can also help reduce the risk of infection.

See also

External links

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