Trench fever

Trench Fever

Trench fever (pronounced: /ˈtrɛntʃ ˈfiːvər/), also known as five-day fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bartonella quintana.

Etymology

The term "trench fever" was first used during World War I, when the disease was common among soldiers fighting in the trenches. The name reflects the conditions in which the disease was often contracted: in the damp, unsanitary trenches of the war front.

Symptoms

Trench fever is characterized by sudden onset of fever, severe headache, back pain and skin rash. The fever typically lasts for five days, hence the alternative name "five-day fever".

Transmission

The bacterium Bartonella quintana is transmitted by the human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis). The lice are infected by feeding on the blood of an infected person. When the lice feed on a new host, they defecate. The bacteria in the feces enter the new host's bloodstream through the bite wound or through scratches.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of trench fever is based on the patient's symptoms and history, particularly exposure to conditions where body lice are prevalent. Laboratory tests can confirm the presence of Bartonella quintana bacteria.

Treatment

Treatment for trench fever typically involves antibiotics such as doxycycline, erythromycin, or azithromycin.

Prevention

Prevention of trench fever primarily involves control of body lice, particularly in populations living in crowded, unsanitary conditions.

Related Terms

• Bartonella
• Body louse
• Doxycycline
• Erythromycin
• Azithromycin

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Trench fever
• Wikipedia's article - Trench fever

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