Epidemic typhus
Epidemic Typhus
Epidemic typhus (pronounced: /ˈɛpɪˌdɛmɪk ˈtaɪfəs/), also known as louse-borne typhus, is a form of typhus so named because it can cause epidemics following wars and natural disasters. The causative organism is Rickettsia prowazekii, transmitted by the human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis).
Etymology
The term "typhus" comes from the Greek typhos (τῦφος) meaning hazy, describing the state of mind of those infected. "Epidemic" is derived from the Greek epi- (ἐπί) meaning "upon" and demos (δῆμος) meaning "people".
Symptoms
The symptoms of epidemic typhus include high fever, chills, headache, rash, and severe muscle pain. Complications can include encephalitis, pneumonia, and kidney failure.
Treatment
Epidemic typhus is treated with the antibiotic doxycycline. Tetracycline can also be used. Prevention involves improving sanitation to reduce contact with the lice.
Related Terms
- Rickettsia: A genus of non-motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that can present as cocci (0.1 μm in diameter), rods (1–4 μm long), or thread-like (10 μm long).
- Pediculus humanus corporis: The human body louse, the vector of Rickettsia prowazekii.
- Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain, often due to infection.
- Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs, typically caused by infection.
- Kidney failure: A medical condition in which the kidneys no longer function.
- Doxycycline: A tetracycline antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections.
- Tetracycline: A broad-spectrum antibiotic, with a wider range than penicillin, and with different antibacterial properties.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Epidemic typhus
- Wikipedia's article - Epidemic typhus
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