Rhinoscleroma
Rhinoscleroma
Rhinoscleroma (pronounced: rye-no-skle-RO-ma) is a chronic granulomatous infection that primarily affects the nasal mucosa. It is caused by the bacterium Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis.
Etymology
The term "rhinoscleroma" is derived from the Greek words "rhino" meaning nose and "scleroma" meaning hardness, referring to the hard nodules that form in the nasal passages of those affected by this disease.
Symptoms
Rhinoscleroma is characterized by the formation of hard, rubbery nodules in the nasal passages, which can cause difficulty breathing and changes in voice. Other symptoms may include nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea (runny nose), and epistaxis (nosebleeds). In severe cases, the disease can spread to other parts of the respiratory tract, including the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of rhinoscleroma is typically made through a combination of clinical examination and histopathological analysis of tissue samples. The presence of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis can be confirmed through bacterial culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing.
Treatment
Treatment for rhinoscleroma typically involves long-term antibiotic therapy, often with a combination of rifampin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove obstructive lesions.
Epidemiology
Rhinoscleroma is most common in areas with poor sanitation and overcrowding, such as parts of Central and South America, Africa, and Asia. It is rare in developed countries.
Related Terms
- Granuloma
- Nasal obstruction
- Rhinorrhea
- Epistaxis
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Polymerase chain reaction
- Rifampin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Doxycycline
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Rhinoscleroma
- Wikipedia's article - Rhinoscleroma
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