Bacillary dysentery

Bacillary dysentery
Synonyms	Shigellosis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, tenesmus
Complications	Dehydration, hemolytic uremic syndrome
Onset	1–3 days after exposure
Duration	5–7 days
Types	N/A
Causes	Shigella bacteria
Risks	Poor sanitation, contaminated food or water
Diagnosis	Stool culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Differential diagnosis	Amoebic dysentery, gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome
Prevention	Hand washing, safe drinking water, sanitation
Treatment	Oral rehydration therapy, antibiotics
Medication	Ciprofloxacin, azithromycin
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	165 million cases per year globally
Deaths	1 million deaths per year

Bacillary Dysentery is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Shigella. It is characterized by inflammation of the colon and severe diarrhea, often with the presence of blood and mucus in the stool. The disease is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.

Etiology

Bacillary dysentery is caused by four species of Shigella bacteria: Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, and Shigella sonnei. S. dysenteriae and S. flexneri are the most common causes of the disease in developing countries, while S. sonnei is more prevalent in developed countries.

Symptoms

The symptoms of bacillary dysentery include severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and sometimes vomiting. The diarrhea is often bloody due to the damage to the colon. In severe cases, the disease can lead to dehydration, shock, and death.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of bacillary dysentery is made by isolating Shigella bacteria from a stool sample. Other laboratory tests, such as blood tests and imaging studies, may be used to assess the severity of the disease and to rule out other causes of diarrhea.

Treatment

The treatment of bacillary dysentery involves rehydration to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, and antibiotics to kill the Shigella bacteria. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of bacillary dysentery involves improving sanitation and hygiene, including handwashing with soap, safe food handling, and access to clean water. Vaccines against Shigella are currently under development.

See also

• Shigellosis
• Diarrheal diseases
• Infectious diseases
• Tropical diseases