Posterior pituitary

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Posterior Pituitary

The Posterior Pituitary (also known as the neurohypophysis) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, a small gland located in the human brain. It is an extension of the hypothalamus and is responsible for the storage and release of hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

Structure[edit]

The posterior pituitary is composed of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and the infundibulum. It is connected to the hypothalamus by the hypophyseal stalk, also known as the infundibular stalk.

Function[edit]

The primary function of the posterior pituitary is the storage and release of hormones produced by the hypothalamus. These hormones include vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH) and oxytocin. Vasopressin regulates water balance in the body, while oxytocin plays a role in various functions such as childbirth and breastfeeding.

Clinical significance[edit]

Dysfunction of the posterior pituitary can lead to several medical conditions. These include diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by excessive thirst and urination, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), a condition characterized by the excessive release of ADH.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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Diseases of the endocrine system (E00–E35, 240–259)

Pancreas/
glucose
metabolism

Hypofunction	* Diabetes mellitus types: type 1 type 2 gestational MODY 1 2 3 4 5 6 complications coma angiopathy ketoacidosis nephropathy neuropathy retinopathy cardiomyopathy insulin receptor (Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome) Insulin resistance
Hyperfunction	* Hypoglycemia beta cell (Hyperinsulinism) G cell (Zollinger–Ellison syndrome)

Hypothalamic/
pituitary axes

* gonadotropin

- Kallmann syndrome
- Adiposogenital dystrophy
CRH (Tertiary adrenal insufficiency)
vasopressin (Neurogenic diabetes insipidus)
general (Hypothalamic hamartoma)

Hyperpituitarism	* anterior Acromegaly Hyperprolactinaemia Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion posterior (SIADH) general (Nelson's syndrome)
Hypopituitarism	* anterior Kallmann syndrome Growth hormone deficiency Hypoprolactinemia ACTH deficiency/Secondary adrenal insufficiency GnRH insensitivity FSH insensitivity LH/hCG insensitivity posterior (Neurogenic diabetes insipidus) general Empty sella syndrome Pituitary apoplexy Sheehan's syndrome Lymphocytic hypophysitis

Hypothyroidism	* Iodine deficiency Cretinism Congenital hypothyroidism Myxedema Myxedema coma Euthyroid sick syndrome
Hyperthyroidism	* Hyperthyroxinemia Thyroid hormone resistance Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia Hashitoxicosis Thyrotoxicosis factitia Graves' disease Thyroid storm
Thyroiditis	* Acute infectious Subacute De Quervain's Subacute lymphocytic Autoimmune/chronic Hashimoto's Postpartum Riedel's
Goitre	* Endemic goitre Toxic nodular goitre Toxic multinodular goiter Thyroid nodule

Hypoparathyroidism	* Pseudohypoparathyroidism Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism	* Primary Secondary Tertiary Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Hyperfunction	* aldosterone: Hyperaldosteronism/Primary aldosteronism Conn syndrome Bartter syndrome Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism AME Liddle's syndrome 17α CAH cortisol: Cushing's syndrome (Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) sex hormones: 21α CAH 11β CAH
Hypofunction/ Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's, WF)	* aldosterone: Hypoaldosteronism 21α CAH 11β CAH cortisol: CAH Lipoid 3β 11β 17α 21α sex hormones: 17α CAH

Height

* Dwarfism/Short stature

Gigantism

Multiple

* Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome multiple

Human brain anatomy

Basic structures	Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Brainstem • Diencephalon • Limbic system • Ventricular system
Lobes	Frontal lobe • Parietal lobe • Temporal lobe • Occipital lobe • Insular cortex
Cortical areas	Primary motor cortex • Primary sensory cortex • Broca's area • Wernicke's area • Prefrontal cortex • Visual cortex
Subcortical structures	Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Pituitary gland • Pineal gland • Basal ganglia • Amygdala • Hippocampus
White matter	Corpus callosum • Internal capsule • Cerebral peduncle • Optic chiasm • Anterior commissure • Posterior commissure

This Human brain related article is a stub.

Anatomy of the endocrine system

Pituitary gland

Anterior	* Pars intermedia Pars tuberalis Pars distalis Acidophil cell Somatotropic cell Prolactin cell Somatomammotrophic cell Basophil cell Corticotropic cell Gonadotropic cell Thyrotropic cell Chromophobe cell
Posterior	* Pars nervosa Median eminence Stalk Pituicyte Herring bodies

* Follicular cell

Parafollicular cell

Parathyroid gland

Oxyphil cell

Cortex	* Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis
Medulla	* Chromaffin cell

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Posterior_pituitary[edit]

Diagram of the pituitary gland

Diagram of the pituitary gland
Sagittal section of the pituitary gland

Sagittal section of the pituitary gland
Base of the brain showing the pituitary gland

Base of the brain showing the pituitary gland

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