Zona glomerulosa

The outermost layer of the adrenal cortex responsible for mineralocorticoid production

Adrenal Gland

The zona glomerulosa is the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex, which is part of the adrenal gland. This layer is primarily responsible for the production of mineralocorticoids, a class of steroid hormones that regulate the balance of minerals and water in the body.

Diagram of the adrenal gland showing the zona glomerulosa

Histological section of the adrenal gland focusing on the zona glomerulosa

Structure

The zona glomerulosa is located beneath the adrenal capsule and is the thinnest of the three layers of the adrenal cortex. It is composed of small, densely packed cells arranged in spherical clusters or arcs. These cells are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone.

Function

The primary function of the zona glomerulosa is the production of aldosterone, which plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium, thereby regulating blood volume and pressure.

Regulation

The secretion of aldosterone by the zona glomerulosa is primarily regulated by the renin-angiotensin system. When blood pressure drops, the kidneys release renin, which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. This is further converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II stimulates the zona glomerulosa to secrete aldosterone.

Clinical significance

Disorders of the zona glomerulosa can lead to significant health issues. Overproduction of aldosterone, known as hyperaldosteronism, can cause hypertension and hypokalemia. Conversely, underproduction can lead to Addison's disease, characterized by low blood pressure and high potassium levels.

Related pages

• Adrenal gland
• Adrenal cortex
• Aldosterone
• Renin-angiotensin system
• Hyperaldosteronism
• Addison's disease

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