Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (pronunciation: sek-un-dair-ee hahy-per-par-uh-thahy-roi-diz-uhm) is a medical condition characterized by the excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands in response to hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels), which is often caused by chronic kidney disease.
Etymology
The term "secondary hyperparathyroidism" is derived from the Greek words "hyper" meaning "over", "para" meaning "beside", "thyroid" referring to the thyroid gland, and "ism" denoting a condition or disease. The term "secondary" is used to indicate that the condition is a result of another primary disease or condition, in this case, often chronic kidney disease.
Symptoms
Symptoms of secondary hyperparathyroidism may include bone pain, fractures, and deformities, muscle weakness, and symptoms related to the underlying cause, such as kidney disease symptoms.
Causes
The most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism is chronic kidney disease. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining calcium levels in the blood by converting vitamin D into its active form. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, they cannot convert enough vitamin D, leading to low calcium levels in the blood. This triggers the parathyroid glands to produce more PTH to try to increase calcium levels.
Other causes may include malabsorption syndromes, such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease, where the intestines do not absorb enough calcium from the diet, and certain medications, such as those used to treat seizures.
Treatment
Treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism typically involves treating the underlying cause. For example, if the cause is chronic kidney disease, treatment may involve dialysis or a kidney transplant. Other treatments may include vitamin D supplements, calcium supplements, and medications to lower PTH levels.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Secondary hyperparathyroidism
- Wikipedia's article - Secondary hyperparathyroidism
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