Hypoparathyroidism

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Hypoparathyroidism (/ˌhaɪpoʊˌpærəˈθaɪrɔɪdɪzəm/; from Greek hypo- meaning "under", para- meaning "beside", and thyroid- meaning "shield-shaped") is a rare medical condition characterized by inadequate levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the blood due to underactivity of the parathyroid glands.

Etymology

The term "Hypoparathyroidism" is derived from the Greek words hypo (meaning under), para (meaning beside), and thyroid (meaning shield-shaped). This refers to the parathyroid glands' position adjacent to the thyroid gland and their underactivity leading to lower levels of PTH.

Definition

Hypoparathyroidism is defined as a condition where the parathyroid glands in your neck do not produce enough parathyroid hormone. This hormone plays a key role in regulating and maintaining a balance of your body's levels of calcium and phosphorus.

Symptoms

The symptoms of hypoparathyroidism can vary, but they often include muscle cramps, fatigue, dry skin, brittle nails, and numbness around the mouth or in the hands and feet. In severe cases, it can lead to tetany (involuntary muscle contraction) and seizures.

Causes

The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is damage to or removal of the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery. Other causes can include autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders, or low levels of magnesium in the blood.

Treatment

Treatment for hypoparathyroidism typically involves taking supplements to maintain the balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body. In some cases, synthetic parathyroid hormone may be prescribed.

Related Terms

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