Dwarfism
Dwarfism
Dwarfism (/ˈdwɔːrfɪzəm/), also known as short stature, is a medical or genetic condition that results in an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches (147 centimeters) or shorter. The term is often used broadly to refer to any person who is significantly below average height.
Etymology
The term "dwarfism" is derived from the Old English word "dweorg", which originally referred to a being from Germanic mythology. In modern usage, it refers to a person of unusually short stature due to a medical or genetic condition.
Types of Dwarfism
There are many different types of dwarfism, including:
- Achondroplasia: This is the most common type of dwarfism, characterized by short limbs and a normal-sized torso.
- Diastrophic dysplasia: This type of dwarfism is characterized by short stature and joint deformities.
- Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia: This type of dwarfism is characterized by short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and problems with vision and hearing.
Causes
Dwarfism can be caused by more than 200 distinct medical conditions. These conditions can be grouped into two main categories:
- Disproportionate dwarfism: This is characterized by an average-sized torso and shorter arms and legs or a shortened trunk with longer limbs.
- Proportionate dwarfism: This is characterized by a uniform shortening of the body, with the head and limbs being in proportion to the torso.
Diagnosis
Dwarfism can often be diagnosed in childhood or adolescence through a combination of physical examination and medical imaging. Genetic testing can also be used to identify the specific condition causing the dwarfism.
Treatment
There is no cure for dwarfism, but treatments can help to manage the symptoms and complications associated with the condition. These may include physical therapy, surgery, and medication.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Dwarfism
- Wikipedia's article - Dwarfism
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