Short stature

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Short stature
Synonyms	Dwarfism, Hypotrophy
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Endocrinology, Pediatrics
Symptoms	Height significantly below average for age and sex
Complications	Social stigma, Psychological issues, Orthopedic problems
Onset	Childhood
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic disorders, Hormonal deficiencies, Malnutrition
Risks	Family history, Chronic illness, Nutritional deficiencies
Diagnosis	Growth chart analysis, Bone age assessment, Genetic testing
Differential diagnosis	Constitutional growth delay, Growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome
Prevention	Early diagnosis and treatment of underlying conditions
Treatment	Growth hormone therapy, Nutritional support, Surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies depending on cause and treatment
Frequency	Varies globally, more common in certain genetic conditions
Deaths	N/A

Short stature refers to a condition where an individual's height is significantly below the average for their age and sex, specifically more than two standard deviations below the mean of the appropriate reference population. This condition is a common reason for consultation within pediatric and endocrinology practices.

Definition and Classification

Short stature is defined by height measurements that fall below the 3rd percentile or more than two standard deviations below the mean height for individuals of the same age and sex. This condition can be classified into various categories based on its etiology, including familial short stature, constitutional growth delay, and short stature associated with medical conditions.

Causes

Short stature can arise from a multitude of factors, categorized broadly as: - Genetic factors: Familial short stature and genetic syndromes like Turner Syndrome and Achondroplasia. - Endocrine disorders: Conditions affecting hormonal regulation of growth, such as growth hormone deficiency or hypothyroidism. - Chronic illnesses: Diseases that can impair growth through various mechanisms, including gastrointestinal disorders, renal disease, and chronic infections. - Nutritional factors: Malnutrition or malabsorption syndromes can significantly affect growth. - Psychosocial stress: Severe emotional deprivation can impact growth hormone secretion and subsequently height.

Evaluation

Evaluation of short stature involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, growth chart analysis, and possibly genetic testing. Key components of the assessment include: - Determining if the growth rate is consistent with the growth curve - Assessing physical signs of underlying syndromes or endocrine disorders - Family history to identify patterns of familial short stature - Laboratory and imaging tests to rule out specific conditions

Management

Management strategies for short stature depend on the underlying cause. They may include: - Hormone therapies, such as growth hormone or thyroid hormone replacement - Nutritional interventions to address deficiencies - Treatment of underlying chronic conditions - Psychosocial support and counseling

Societal and Psychological Implications

Short stature can have significant societal and psychological impacts on affected individuals, including challenges related to self-esteem, social interactions, and potential discrimination. Supportive counseling and addressing psychosocial aspects are important components of comprehensive care.

External Links

• CDC Growth Charts
• WHO Child Growth Standards

References

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