Thyroid storm
Thyroid Storm
Thyroid storm, also known as thyrotoxic crisis, is a rare but severe and potentially life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid gland). Pronounced as "thy-roid storm", the term is derived from the Greek words "thyreos" (shield), referring to the shape of the thyroid gland, and "storm", indicating a sudden and severe onset of symptoms.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a thyroid storm can include a rapid heart rate (tachycardia), fever, sweating, shaking, agitation, and/or confusion. These symptoms are due to an excessive amount of thyroid hormones in the body.
Causes
Thyroid storm can be triggered by various factors such as infection, trauma, surgery, or abrupt withdrawal from thyroid medication. It is most commonly associated with Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder that is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of thyroid storm is based on clinical criteria, including the presence of severe symptoms of hyperthyroidism and evidence of systemic decompensation such as heart failure or disturbed consciousness. Laboratory tests showing elevated levels of thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)) and suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) can support the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment of thyroid storm is a medical emergency and requires hospitalization. It typically involves measures to reduce thyroid hormone production and to manage the severe symptoms. This can include the use of beta blockers to manage symptoms such as rapid heart rate and agitation, and antithyroid drugs to reduce the production of thyroid hormones.
Prognosis
With prompt and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for thyroid storm is generally good. However, if left untreated, it can be fatal.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Thyroid storm
- Wikipedia's article - Thyroid storm
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