Posterior pituitary

Posterior Pituitary

The Posterior Pituitary (also known as the neurohypophysis) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, a small gland located in the human brain. It is an extension of the hypothalamus and is responsible for the storage and release of hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

Structure

The posterior pituitary is composed of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and the infundibulum. It is connected to the hypothalamus by the hypophyseal stalk, also known as the infundibular stalk.

Function

The primary function of the posterior pituitary is the storage and release of hormones produced by the hypothalamus. These hormones include vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH) and oxytocin. Vasopressin regulates water balance in the body, while oxytocin plays a role in various functions such as childbirth and breastfeeding.

Clinical significance

Dysfunction of the posterior pituitary can lead to several medical conditions. These include diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by excessive thirst and urination, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), a condition characterized by the excessive release of ADH.

See also

• Anterior pituitary
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland

References

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  Diagram of the pituitary gland
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  Sagittal section of the pituitary gland
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  Base of the brain showing the pituitary gland