Pneumonitis: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
CSV import |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
| name = Pneumonitis | | name = Pneumonitis | ||
| image = Pneumonitis.png | | image = Pneumonitis.png | ||
| caption = | | caption = Chest X-ray of a patient with pneumonitis | ||
| pronounce = | | pronounce = /ˌnjuːməˈnaɪtɪs/ | ||
| field = | | field = [[Pulmonology]] | ||
| synonyms = Pulmonitis | | synonyms = Pulmonitis | ||
| symptoms = | | symptoms = [[Cough]], [[dyspnea]] (shortness of breath), [[fatigue]], chest discomfort, [[fever]] | ||
| complications = | | complications = [[Pulmonary fibrosis]], [[respiratory failure]], [[chronic lung disease]] | ||
| onset = | | onset = Acute or chronic, depending on cause | ||
| duration = | | duration = Variable (days to months); chronic cases may persist | ||
| types = | | types = [[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]], [[Radiation pneumonitis]], [[Chemical pneumonitis]], [[Aspiration pneumonitis]], [[Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]] | ||
| causes = | | causes = [[Inhalation]] of allergens, chemicals, radiation, drugs, infections, autoimmune reactions | ||
| risks = | | risks = Occupational exposures, radiation therapy, immunosuppressive medications, aspiration risk | ||
| diagnosis = | | diagnosis = [[Chest X-ray]], [[CT scan]], [[pulmonary function test]], [[bronchoscopy]], [[lung biopsy]] | ||
| differential = | | differential = [[Pneumonia]], [[asthma]], [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD), [[interstitial lung disease]] | ||
| prevention = | | prevention = Avoid known triggers, use of protective respiratory equipment, prophylactic medications in specific cases | ||
| treatment = | | treatment = Removal of cause, [[corticosteroids]], [[oxygen therapy]], [[immunosuppressive therapy]] in chronic cases | ||
| medication = | | medication = [[Prednisone]], [[methylprednisolone]], [[immunosuppressants]], [[bronchodilators]] | ||
| prognosis = | | prognosis = Good if treated early; chronic forms may lead to irreversible lung damage | ||
| frequency = | | frequency = Relatively rare; varies by type and geographic/occupational exposure | ||
| deaths = | | deaths = Rare with prompt treatment; mortality higher in untreated or chronic severe cases | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Pneumonitis''' is an [[inflammation]] of [[lung]] tissue | [[File:Hypersensitivity_pneumonitis_Case_132_(4710120666).jpg|Hypersensitivity pneumonitis|thumb|left]] | ||
[[File:Radiation_pneumonitis_(4863802675).jpg|Radiation pneumonitis|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Pneumonitis''' is an [[inflammation]] of [[lung]] tissue due to factors other than microorganisms. Those can be [[radiation therapy]] of the chest, exposure to medications used during chemo-therapy, the inhalation of debris (e.g., animal [[dander]]) of food particles during vomiting, herbicides or [[fluorocarbons]] and some systemic diseases. | |||
It is distinguished from [[pneumonia]] on the basis of causation as well as its manifestation since pneumonia can be described as pneumonitis combined with [[Pulmonary consolidation|consolidation]] and [[exudate|exudation]] of lung tissue due to infection with microorganism. | It is distinguished from [[pneumonia]] on the basis of causation as well as its manifestation since pneumonia can be described as pneumonitis combined with [[Pulmonary consolidation|consolidation]] and [[exudate|exudation]] of lung tissue due to infection with microorganism. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
* [[virus|Viral infection]]. [[Measles]] can cause severe pneumonitis, and [[ribavirin]] has been proposed as a possible treatment. [[Human cytomegalovirus|CMV]] is another cause. | * [[virus|Viral infection]]. [[Measles]] can cause severe pneumonitis, and [[ribavirin]] has been proposed as a possible treatment. [[Human cytomegalovirus|CMV]] is another cause. | ||
* [[Pneumonia]] | * [[Pneumonia]] | ||
* Radiation therapy | * Radiation therapy | ||
* Inhaling chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide | * Inhaling chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide | ||
* [[Interstitial pneumonitis|Interstitial lung disease]] | * [[Interstitial pneumonitis|Interstitial lung disease]] | ||
* [[Sepsis]] | * [[Sepsis]] | ||
* Adverse reaction to medications | * Adverse reaction to medications | ||
* Hypersensitivity to inhaled agents | * Hypersensitivity to inhaled agents | ||
* Inhalation of spores of some [[Lycoperdon|species of mushroom]] (bronchoalveolar allergic syndrome) | * Inhalation of spores of some [[Lycoperdon|species of mushroom]] (bronchoalveolar allergic syndrome) | ||
* [[Mercury (element)|Mercury]] exposure | * [[Mercury (element)|Mercury]] exposure | ||
*[[Smoking]] | *[[Smoking]] | ||
| Line 45: | Line 46: | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
A chest X-ray or CT is necessary to differentiate between pneumonitis and pneumonia of an infectious etiology. Some degree of [[pulmonary fibrosis]] may be evident in a CT which is indicative of chronic pulmonary inflammatory processes. | A chest X-ray or CT is necessary to differentiate between pneumonitis and pneumonia of an infectious etiology. Some degree of [[pulmonary fibrosis]] may be evident in a CT which is indicative of chronic pulmonary inflammatory processes. | ||
===Classification=== | ===Classification=== | ||
It can be classified into [[acute interstitial pneumonitis]], [[blood pneumonitis]], [[lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis]], [[radiation pneumonitis]], and [[uremic pneumonitis]]. | It can be classified into [[acute interstitial pneumonitis]], [[blood pneumonitis]], [[lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis]], [[radiation pneumonitis]], and [[uremic pneumonitis]]. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
| Line 54: | Line 56: | ||
* [[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]], also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) | * [[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]], also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Medical resources | {{Medical resources | ||
| Line 70: | Line 70: | ||
{{Respiratory pathology}} | {{Respiratory pathology}} | ||
{{Inflammation}} | {{Inflammation}} | ||
[[Category:Inflammations]] | [[Category:Inflammations]] | ||
{{respiratory-disease-stub}} | {{respiratory-disease-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 00:03, 3 April 2025
| Pneumonitis | |
|---|---|
| File:Pneumonitis.png | |
| Synonyms | Pulmonitis |
| Pronounce | /ˌnjuːməˈnaɪtɪs/ |
| Field | Pulmonology |
| Symptoms | Cough, dyspnea (shortness of breath), fatigue, chest discomfort, fever |
| Complications | Pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory failure, chronic lung disease |
| Onset | Acute or chronic, depending on cause |
| Duration | Variable (days to months); chronic cases may persist |
| Types | Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Radiation pneumonitis, Chemical pneumonitis, Aspiration pneumonitis, Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia |
| Causes | Inhalation of allergens, chemicals, radiation, drugs, infections, autoimmune reactions |
| Risks | Occupational exposures, radiation therapy, immunosuppressive medications, aspiration risk |
| Diagnosis | Chest X-ray, CT scan, pulmonary function test, bronchoscopy, lung biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease |
| Prevention | Avoid known triggers, use of protective respiratory equipment, prophylactic medications in specific cases |
| Treatment | Removal of cause, corticosteroids, oxygen therapy, immunosuppressive therapy in chronic cases |
| Medication | Prednisone, methylprednisolone, immunosuppressants, bronchodilators |
| Prognosis | Good if treated early; chronic forms may lead to irreversible lung damage |
| Frequency | Relatively rare; varies by type and geographic/occupational exposure |
| Deaths | Rare with prompt treatment; mortality higher in untreated or chronic severe cases |
Pneumonitis is an inflammation of lung tissue due to factors other than microorganisms. Those can be radiation therapy of the chest, exposure to medications used during chemo-therapy, the inhalation of debris (e.g., animal dander) of food particles during vomiting, herbicides or fluorocarbons and some systemic diseases.
It is distinguished from pneumonia on the basis of causation as well as its manifestation since pneumonia can be described as pneumonitis combined with consolidation and exudation of lung tissue due to infection with microorganism.
Causes[edit]
- Viral infection. Measles can cause severe pneumonitis, and ribavirin has been proposed as a possible treatment. CMV is another cause.
- Pneumonia
- Radiation therapy
- Inhaling chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide
- Interstitial lung disease
- Sepsis
- Adverse reaction to medications
- Hypersensitivity to inhaled agents
- Inhalation of spores of some species of mushroom (bronchoalveolar allergic syndrome)
- Mercury exposure
- Smoking
- Overexposure to chlorine
- Bronchial obstruction (obstructive pneumonitis or post-obstructive pneumonitis)
- Ascariasis (during parasite migration)
Diagnosis[edit]
A chest X-ray or CT is necessary to differentiate between pneumonitis and pneumonia of an infectious etiology. Some degree of pulmonary fibrosis may be evident in a CT which is indicative of chronic pulmonary inflammatory processes.
Classification[edit]
It can be classified into acute interstitial pneumonitis, blood pneumonitis, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, radiation pneumonitis, and uremic pneumonitis.
Treatment[edit]
Typical treatment for pneumonitis includes conservative use of corticosteroids such as a short course of oral prednisone or methylprednisolone. Inhaled corticosteroids such as fluticasone or budesonide may also be effective for reducing inflammation and preventing re-inflammation on a chronic level by suppressing inflammatory processes that may be triggered by environmental exposures such as allergens.
See also[edit]
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)
External links[edit]
| Diseases of the respiratory system | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Inflammation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
