Prostaglandin
Prostaglandin
Prostaglandins (pronounced pross-tuh-GLAN-dinz) are a group of lipid compounds that are derived enzymatically from fatty acids and have important functions in the animal body. They are part of the eicosanoid class of fatty acids, which also includes the leukotrienes and thromboxanes.
Etymology
The term "prostaglandin" derives from the prostate gland. When prostaglandins were first discovered, it was believed that they were secreted by the prostate gland. We now know that they are created at sites of tissue damage or infection, where they cause inflammation, pain and fever as part of the healing process.
Function
Prostaglandins have a wide range of functions in the body. They are involved in the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation. They are also important in the formation of blood clots, and in inducing labor.
Types of Prostaglandins
There are many different types of prostaglandins, including Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α). Each type of prostaglandin has a different role in the body.
Related Terms
- Cyclooxygenase: An enzyme that is responsible for the formation of prostaglandins.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID): A type of drug that reduces pain and inflammation by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins.
- Prostaglandin analogue: A synthetic compound that mimics the effects of prostaglandins.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Prostaglandin
- Wikipedia's article - Prostaglandin
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