Pneumomediastinum
Pneumomediastinum
Pneumomediastinum (pronounced: noo-moh-mee-dee-uh-sty-nuhm) is a medical condition characterized by the presence of air or gas in the mediastinum, the central compartment of the thoracic cavity.
Etymology
The term "Pneumomediastinum" is derived from the Greek words "pneuma" meaning "air", "mediastinum" referring to the central compartment of the thoracic cavity.
Definition
Pneumomediastinum is a condition that occurs when air gets into the mediastinum. The mediastinum is the space in the middle of the chest, between the lungs, containing the heart, large blood vessels, windpipe (trachea), esophagus, and connective tissues.
Causes
Pneumomediastinum can be caused by physical trauma, medical procedures, or diseases that cause the air to escape from the lungs, airways, or esophagus into the mediastinum. This can include pneumothorax, asthma, COPD, and esophageal rupture.
Symptoms
Symptoms of pneumomediastinum can include chest pain, shortness of breath, and neck pain. In severe cases, it can lead to life-threatening complications such as tension pneumothorax or cardiac tamponade.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of pneumomediastinum is typically made through imaging studies such as a chest X-ray or CT scan. In some cases, additional tests may be needed to determine the cause of the pneumomediastinum.
Treatment
Treatment for pneumomediastinum depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. It may include observation, oxygen therapy, pain management, and in severe cases, surgery.
Related Terms
- Pneumothorax: The presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung.
- Mediastinum: The central compartment of the thoracic cavity.
- Tension Pneumothorax: A severe type of pneumothorax where pressure builds up in the chest, compressing the heart and decreasing cardiac output.
- Cardiac Tamponade: A serious medical condition in which blood or fluids fill the space between the sac that encases the heart and the heart muscle.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Pneumomediastinum
- Wikipedia's article - Pneumomediastinum
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