Lymphotoxin alpha

Lymphotoxin alpha (LTα), also known as tumor necrosis factor beta (TNFβ), is a cytokine that plays an essential role in the immune system's response to infection and inflammation. It is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction.

Structure

LTα is a homotrimer, meaning it is composed of three identical subunits. Each subunit is a polypeptide chain that folds into a specific three-dimensional structure. The three subunits are held together by disulfide bonds, which provide stability to the overall structure.

Function

LTα is primarily produced by lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. It is involved in a variety of immune responses, including the activation of T cells and B cells, the induction of cell death, and the regulation of inflammation. LTα can also form a complex with lymphotoxin beta (LTβ), another member of the TNF superfamily, to create a more potent inflammatory signal.

Clinical significance

Due to its role in the immune response, LTα has been implicated in a number of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and certain types of cancer. In particular, overproduction of LTα has been associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Research

Research into LTα has focused on understanding its role in the immune response and its potential as a therapeutic target. Several drugs that inhibit the action of LTα are currently in development for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer.

See also

• Cytokine
• Tumor necrosis factor
• Lymphotoxin beta
• Immune system

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