Alloimmunity

Alloimmunity (pronounced: al-oh-im-yoon-i-tee) is a branch of immunology that deals with the immune response to non-self antigens from members of the same species. The term is derived from the Greek words 'allos' meaning 'other' and 'immunitas' meaning 'exemption'.

Definition

Alloimmunity refers to the immune response that occurs when the immune system of one individual produces an immunologic reaction against the tissues of another individual of the same species. This is commonly observed in situations such as organ transplantation and blood transfusion, where the recipient's immune system may react against the donor's tissues or cells, leading to graft rejection or transfusion reactions.

Mechanism

The mechanism of alloimmunity involves the recognition of non-self antigens present on the cells or tissues of the donor by the recipient's immune system. This recognition triggers an immune response, which can lead to the destruction of the transplanted organ or transfused blood cells. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, also known as human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in humans, play a crucial role in this process.

Clinical Significance

Alloimmunity has significant implications in clinical medicine, particularly in the fields of transplantation medicine and transfusion medicine. Understanding the mechanisms of alloimmunity can help in the development of strategies to prevent graft rejection and transfusion reactions. It is also relevant in pregnancy, where maternal-fetal alloimmunity can lead to conditions such as hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Related Terms

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Alloimmunity
Wikipedia's article - Alloimmunity

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