Interleukin 15
Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the immune system. It is produced by a variety of cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts, among others. IL-15 has been implicated in several biological processes, such as cell proliferation, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Structure
IL-15 is a four-alpha helix bundle cytokine that shares many structural similarities with IL-2. Despite their structural similarities, IL-15 and IL-2 have distinct biological functions.
Function
IL-15 plays a crucial role in the immune response. It stimulates the proliferation and activation of natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and B cells. IL-15 also promotes the survival and memory of CD8+ T cells, which are essential for long-term immune responses.
Clinical significance
Due to its role in the immune response, IL-15 has been implicated in several diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases. For instance, elevated levels of IL-15 have been observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and HIV/AIDS.
Therapeutic potential
Given its role in immune responses, IL-15 is being explored as a potential therapeutic target for various diseases. For example, IL-15-based therapies are being developed for the treatment of cancer, as IL-15 can stimulate the proliferation and activation of NK cells and CD8+ T cells, which can target and kill cancer cells.
See also
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