CCL11

CCL11 or Eotaxin-1 is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is specific for its ability to attract eosinophils. This chemokine is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, airway smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells. CCL11 selectively recruits eosinophils by inducing their chemotaxis, and therefore, is implicated in allergic responses. The effects of CCL11 are mediated by its binding to a G-protein-linked receptor known as a chemokine receptor. Chemokine receptors for which CCL11 is a ligand include CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5.

Structure

CCL11 is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine family. It is a 97-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of approximately 11 kDa. The structure of CCL11 includes a three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet and a C-terminal alpha-helix.

Function

CCL11 selectively recruits eosinophils by inducing their chemotaxis, and is implicated in allergic responses. It is also involved in eosinophil accumulation in the lungs of asthmatics and in the liver during Schistosoma infection. In addition, CCL11 has been shown to reduce the production of other cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, and TNF-alpha from T cells and NK cells. It also suppresses the proliferation of T cells activated by a mitogen.

Clinical significance

Elevated levels of CCL11 have been detected in patients with various diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. It has also been associated with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and age-related cognitive decline. In Alzheimer's disease, CCL11 levels are significantly elevated in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients.

See also

• Chemokine
• Cytokine
• Eosinophil
• Chemotaxis

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