Clonal selection

Clonal Selection

Clonal selection (pronounced: kloh-nuhl seh-lek-shuhn) is a fundamental mechanism in the functioning of the immune system. It is a process by which B cells and T cells are activated in response to specific antigens, leading to the production of effector and memory cells that are specific for the encountered antigen.

Etymology

The term "clonal selection" is derived from the words "clone" and "selection". "Clone" (from the Greek word klōn, meaning "twig") refers to cells that are genetically identical to one another, while "selection" refers to the process of choosing or selecting for certain traits or characteristics.

Process

The process of clonal selection begins when an antigen enters the body. This antigen is recognized and bound by the antigen receptors of specific lymphocytes. The binding of the antigen triggers the activation of these lymphocytes, causing them to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells and memory cells. The effector cells carry out the immediate response to the antigen, while the memory cells remain in the body for a long time, providing long-term immunity.

Related Terms

• Antigen
• Lymphocyte
• Effector Cells
• Memory Cells
• Immunity

See Also

• Adaptive Immunity
• Innate Immunity
• Immunological Memory

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Clonal selection
• Wikipedia's article - Clonal selection

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