Interleukin 24
Interleukin 24
Interleukin 24 (IL-24) is a cytokine that belongs to the interleukin family, which plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is part of the larger IL-10 cytokine family and is known for its ability to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells while sparing normal cells.
Structure and Function
IL-24 is a protein encoded by the IL24 gene in humans. It is characterized by its unique ability to selectively target cancer cells, making it a potential therapeutic agent in oncology. The cytokine functions by binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, initiating a cascade of intracellular signals that lead to cell death.
Mechanism of Action
The mechanism by which IL-24 induces apoptosis involves the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which is crucial for transmitting information from extracellular chemical signals to the cell nucleus, resulting in gene expression changes. IL-24 also interacts with the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, further promoting apoptosis in cancer cells.
Clinical Implications
IL-24 has been studied for its potential use in gene therapy for cancer treatment. Its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting normal cells makes it an attractive candidate for therapeutic development. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IL-24-based therapies in various types of cancer.
Related Cytokines
IL-24 is closely related to other cytokines in the IL-10 family, such as IL-19, IL-20, and IL-22. These cytokines share structural similarities and often have overlapping functions in immune regulation and inflammation.
Research and Development
Ongoing research is focused on understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms of IL-24 and its interactions with other cellular pathways. Scientists are also exploring the potential of IL-24 in combination with other cancer therapies to enhance its efficacy and overcome resistance.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
