List of neoplasms

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Overview and categorized list of benign and malignant neoplasms

List of neoplasms is an organized overview of neoplasms, including benign tumors, malignant tumors, carcinomas, sarcomas, leukemias, lymphomas, melanomas, germ cell tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, and tumors of the central nervous system.

A neoplasm is an abnormal growth of tissue caused by uncontrolled cell proliferation. Neoplasms may be benign, premalignant, borderline, locally aggressive, or malignant. Malignant neoplasms are commonly called cancers and may invade nearby tissues or spread to distant organs by metastasis.

This page provides a simplified, reader-friendly guide to major groups of neoplasms. Individual tumor types are listed under broad categories rather than as one long alphabetical list.

Overview[edit]

Neoplasms may arise from many different tissues, including epithelium, connective tissue, blood-forming tissue, lymphoid tissue, melanocytes, germ cells, endocrine glands, and nervous system tissue.

They are commonly classified by:

  • Tissue of origin
  • Benign or malignant behavior
  • Anatomic site
  • Microscopic appearance
  • Molecular or genetic features
  • Grade and stage
  • Clinical behavior

Major categories of neoplasms[edit]

Major groups of neoplasms
Category Tissue or cell of origin Examples
Carcinoma Epithelial cells Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma
Sarcoma Connective tissue Osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma
Leukemia Bone marrow and blood-forming cells Acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia
Lymphoma Lymphoid cells Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma
Melanocytic neoplasm Melanocytes Nevus, melanoma
Germ cell tumor Germ cells Seminoma, dysgerminoma, teratoma, yolk sac tumor
Neuroendocrine tumor Neuroendocrine cells Carcinoid tumor, small cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma
Central nervous system tumor Brain, spinal cord, meninges, glial cells Glioblastoma, astrocytoma, meningioma, medulloblastoma
Benign tumor Various tissues Adenoma, fibroma, lipoma, hemangioma
Premalignant condition Abnormal tissue with cancer risk Actinic keratosis, carcinoma in situ, dysplasia

Benign neoplasms[edit]

Benign neoplasms are tumors that generally do not invade surrounding tissues or metastasize to distant organs. They may still cause symptoms by compression, hormone production, bleeding, obstruction, or cosmetic effects.

Common benign neoplasms include:

Premalignant and borderline neoplasms[edit]

Premalignant or precancerous lesions have abnormal cells that may progress to cancer if untreated. Borderline tumors have behavior between clearly benign and clearly malignant tumors.

Examples include:

Carcinomas[edit]

Carcinomas are malignant neoplasms arising from epithelial cells. They are among the most common forms of cancer.

Major carcinoma types include:

Adenocarcinomas[edit]

Adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor showing glandular differentiation. It may arise in many organs.

Common adenocarcinomas include:

Sarcomas[edit]

Sarcomas are malignant tumors arising from connective or mesenchymal tissues such as bone, muscle, fat, cartilage, blood vessels, or fibrous tissue.

Common sarcomas include:

Leukemias[edit]

Leukemias are cancers of blood-forming tissues, especially the bone marrow. They usually involve abnormal white blood cells in the blood and marrow.

Major leukemia groups include:

Lymphomas[edit]

Lymphomas are malignant neoplasms of lymphoid tissue. They may involve lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, blood, or extranodal organs.

Major lymphoma types include:

Plasma cell neoplasms[edit]

Plasma cell neoplasms arise from abnormal plasma cells, which are antibody-producing immune cells.

Examples include:

Melanocytic neoplasms[edit]

Melanocytic neoplasms arise from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin and other tissues.

Examples include:

Central nervous system tumors[edit]

Central nervous system tumors involve the brain, spinal cord, meninges, cranial nerves, or related tissues.

Examples include:

Endocrine and neuroendocrine neoplasms[edit]

These tumors arise from hormone-producing or neuroendocrine cells.

Examples include:

Breast neoplasms[edit]

Breast tumors may be benign, premalignant, or malignant.

Examples include:

Gastrointestinal neoplasms[edit]

Gastrointestinal neoplasms may arise anywhere from the esophagus to the anus, as well as in accessory digestive organs.

Examples include:

Genitourinary neoplasms[edit]

Genitourinary tumors involve the urinary tract and reproductive organs.

Examples include:

Skin and soft tissue neoplasms[edit]

Skin and soft tissue tumors include benign and malignant tumors of epidermal, adnexal, melanocytic, vascular, fibrous, fatty, and muscle origin.

Examples include:

Bone and cartilage neoplasms[edit]

Bone and cartilage tumors may be benign, intermediate, or malignant.

Examples include:

Vascular neoplasms[edit]

Vascular neoplasms arise from blood vessel or lymphatic vessel cells.

Examples include:

Pediatric neoplasms[edit]

Some neoplasms are more common in children than adults.

Examples include:

Alphabetical navigation[edit]

For readers looking for a specific tumor name, use the alphabetical index below.

Related concepts[edit]

See also[edit]



Oncology
Basics
Diagnostics
Treatments
Types of Cancers
Related Fields
This oncology-related article is a stub.

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