Pleomorphic adenoma

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Pleomorphic adenoma
File:Cytopathology of pleomorphic adenoma.png Cytopathology of pleomorphic adenoma
Synonyms	Benign mixed tumor
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Painless, slow-growing mass
Complications	Rare malignant transformation
Onset	Middle age
Duration	Chronic
Types
Causes	Unknown
Risks	Radiation exposure, genetic factors
Diagnosis	Fine needle aspiration, Ultrasound, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Warthin's tumor, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Prevention
Treatment	Surgical excision
Medication
Prognosis	Excellent with treatment
Frequency	Most common salivary gland tumor
Deaths	N/A

File:Pleomorphic adenoma - cytology.jpg

Histopathological image of pleomorphic adenoma.

Pleomorphic Adenoma is a benign neoplasm characterized by a mix of epithelial and myoepithelial cells, along with a mesenchymal component that can include mucoid, myxoid, cartilaginous, or osseous areas. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor.

Characteristics

Pleomorphic adenomas are often encapsulated, either completely or partially. They are notable for their diverse histological appearance, hence the term "pleomorphic" (meaning "many forms").

Occurrence

This tumor type primarily occurs in:

• Parotid gland
• Submandibular gland
• Minor salivary glands in the oral cavity
• Upper respiratory tract
• Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Symptoms

Pleomorphic adenomas usually present as a slow-growing, painless mass. In some cases, patients may experience pain or facial palsy.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of:

• Physical examination
• Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans
• Biopsy to confirm the histological diagnosis

Treatment

The standard treatment for pleomorphic adenoma is surgical excision. Complete removal is necessary to minimize the risk of recurrence.

Potential Complications

Complications of pleomorphic adenoma may include:

• Recurrence after excision
• Rare transformation into a malignant neoplasm (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma)

External Links

• National Center for Biotechnology Information - Pleomorphic Adenoma
• American Cancer Society - What Is Salivary Gland Cancer?

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