Pleomorphic adenoma
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Pleomorphic adenoma | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Benign mixed tumor |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Painless, slow-growing mass |
| Complications | Rare malignant transformation |
| Onset | Middle age |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | |
| Causes | Unknown |
| Risks | Radiation exposure, genetic factors |
| Diagnosis | Fine needle aspiration, Ultrasound, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Warthin's tumor, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Adenoid cystic carcinoma |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Surgical excision |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | Excellent with treatment |
| Frequency | Most common salivary gland tumor |
| Deaths | N/A |
Pleomorphic Adenoma is a benign neoplasm characterized by a mix of epithelial and myoepithelial cells, along with a mesenchymal component that can include mucoid, myxoid, cartilaginous, or osseous areas. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor.
Characteristics
Pleomorphic adenomas are often encapsulated, either completely or partially. They are notable for their diverse histological appearance, hence the term "pleomorphic" (meaning "many forms").
Occurrence
This tumor type primarily occurs in:
- Parotid gland
- Submandibular gland
- Minor salivary glands in the oral cavity
- Upper respiratory tract
- Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
Symptoms
Pleomorphic adenomas usually present as a slow-growing, painless mass. In some cases, patients may experience pain or facial palsy.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of:
- Physical examination
- Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans
- Biopsy to confirm the histological diagnosis
Treatment
The standard treatment for pleomorphic adenoma is surgical excision. Complete removal is necessary to minimize the risk of recurrence.
Potential Complications
Complications of pleomorphic adenoma may include:
- Recurrence after excision
- Rare transformation into a malignant neoplasm (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma)
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Contributors: Kondreddy Naveen, Prab R. Tumpati, MD
