Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

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Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Synonyms	MGUS
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Usually asymptomatic
Complications	Multiple myeloma, AL amyloidosis, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Onset	Typically in older adults
Duration	Indefinite
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown
Risks	Age, family history, race
Diagnosis	Serum protein electrophoresis, Immunofixation electrophoresis, Bone marrow biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Multiple myeloma, Lymphoma, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Observation
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good, but risk of progression to malignancy
Frequency	3-5% of people over 50 years old
Deaths	N/A

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a condition characterized by the presence of an abnormal protein in the blood, known as a monoclonal protein or M protein. This condition is usually discovered during routine blood tests and is often harmless, but it may progress to more serious conditions such as multiple myeloma or other blood disorders.

Symptoms

MGUS itself does not usually cause symptoms. However, if it progresses to a more serious condition, symptoms may include bone pain, fatigue, and weakness.

Causes

The exact cause of MGUS is unknown. It is thought to occur when an error occurs in the production of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies.

Diagnosis

MGUS is usually discovered during routine blood tests. If an abnormal protein is detected, further tests may be performed to determine the type of protein and the amount present. These tests may include a protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, and free light chain assay.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for MGUS. Instead, the condition is monitored for any changes that may indicate progression to a more serious condition. This may involve regular blood tests and physical examinations.

Prognosis

The prognosis for MGUS is generally good, as the condition is often harmless. However, a small percentage of people with MGUS may develop a more serious condition, such as multiple myeloma or another blood disorder.

See also

• Plasma cell dyscrasia
• Monoclonal gammopathy
• Multiple myeloma

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