Histopathology

Histopathology

Histopathology refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Specifically, in clinical medicine, histopathology refers to the examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been placed onto glass slides.

Histopathology of thyroid parenchyma with autolytic changes

Overview

In contrast to cytopathology, which is the study of individual cells, histopathology studies the whole tissue architecture, and hence the name. Histopathology can also be used to study the pathology of diseases in animals.

Process

The process begins with the surgical removal of a tissue specimen, its processing and then subsequent microscopic examination. The pathologist's interpretation of what they see under the microscope, combined with the patient's clinical history, allows for a definitive diagnosis.

Techniques

The most common technique used in histopathology is histological staining. The most widely used stain in histopathology is a combination of hematoxylin and eosin (often abbreviated H&E). Other stains and techniques such as immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and other molecular techniques can also be used.

Applications

Histopathology is used in a wide range of applications, including research, forensic investigation, and in the diagnosis of disease in medicine.

See also

• Pathology
• Cytopathology
• Hematoxylin
• Eosin
• Immunohistochemistry
• In situ hybridization

References

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