Spitz nevus

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Spitz nevus
Synonyms	Benign juvenile melanoma
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Skin lesion, usually pink, red, or brown
Complications	N/A
Onset	Typically in childhood or adolescence
Duration	Persistent
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown
Risks	Sun exposure, genetic factors
Diagnosis	Dermatoscopy, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Melanoma, dysplastic nevus
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Excision if necessary
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Excellent, benign condition
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Spitz nevus - intermediate magnification

Pie chart of incidence and malignancy of pigmented skin lesions

Spitz nevus is a type of skin lesion that typically appears as a pink, red, or brown mole. It is named after Sophie Spitz, who first described the lesion in 1948, referring to it as a "melanoma of childhood" due to its histological resemblance to melanoma. However, Spitz nevi are generally benign (non-cancerous) and are most commonly found in children and adolescents, though they can also occur in adults.

Characteristics

Spitz nevi are characterized by their dome-shaped, smooth, and symmetrical appearance. They can vary in size, usually ranging from a few millimeters to a centimeter in diameter. These lesions may be found anywhere on the body but are most commonly located on the face, legs, and arms. Initially, they may grow rapidly, which can be concerning for both patients and physicians, but growth typically stabilizes over time.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a Spitz nevus is primarily based on its clinical appearance and history of growth. Dermoscopy, a non-invasive skin examination method, can also aid in the diagnosis by revealing specific patterns associated with Spitz nevi. However, due to their potential resemblance to melanoma, a biopsy is often performed to rule out malignancy. Histologically, Spitz nevi are distinguished by the presence of large, spindle-shaped, or epithelioid melanocytes, which are usually arranged in a characteristic pattern.

Management

The management of Spitz nevus depends on several factors, including the lesion's appearance, the patient's age, and the biopsy results. In cases where the lesion is typical and the diagnosis is certain, no treatment may be necessary, and the lesion can be monitored for changes. If there is any doubt about the diagnosis, or if the lesion changes in appearance, surgical removal may be recommended to ensure it is not malignant.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with a Spitz nevus is excellent, as these lesions are benign. However, it is crucial for patients to monitor for any changes in the lesion, such as rapid growth, color change, or the development of symptoms like itching or bleeding, as these could indicate a more serious condition.

Epidemiology

Spitz nevi are relatively uncommon, with the exact incidence unknown. They are most frequently observed in children and adolescents but can occur at any age. There is no known gender or racial predilection for Spitz nevi.

History

The Spitz nevus was first described in 1948 by Sophie Spitz as a benign lesion that histologically resembled melanoma but occurred predominantly in children. Initially termed "melanoma of childhood," subsequent research has shown that these lesions are not true melanomas and do not have the same potential for malignancy.

See Also

• Melanoma
• Skin cancer
• Dermoscopy
• Biopsy

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