Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (pronunciation: /ˈθaɪrɔɪd ˌstɪmjəˈleɪtɪŋ ˈhoʊrmoʊn/), also known as thyrotropin, is a hormone synthesized and secreted by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland, which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid gland.
Etymology
The term "thyroid-stimulating hormone" is derived from the Greek words "thyreos" (shield), referring to the shape of the thyroid gland, and "tropos" (turning), indicating its role in stimulating the thyroid gland.
Function
TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate the body's metabolism, energy balance, growth, and nervous system activity.
Related Terms
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH): A hormone produced in the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of TSH from the anterior pituitary gland.
- Hypothyroidism: A condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, often due to low levels of TSH.
- Hyperthyroidism: A condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormones, often due to high levels of TSH.
- Thyroid function tests: Tests that measure the levels of TSH, T3, and T4 in the blood to assess the function of the thyroid gland.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- Wikipedia's article - Thyroid-stimulating hormone
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