Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in the regulation of skin color in many vertebrates. This hormone stimulates the production and release of melanin by melanocytes in skin and hair.
Function
MSH is a peptide hormone produced and secreted by the pituitary gland. It is a crucial component in the body's response to inflammation and immune responses. MSH also influences brain function, energy homeostasis, and skin pigmentation.
Structure
MSH is a linear peptide hormone composed of an amino acid chain. The structure of MSH varies among species, but all forms of the hormone share a core sequence of amino acids that are necessary for biological activity.
Production and Release
MSH is produced and released by the pituitary gland, specifically the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. The production and release of MSH are regulated by various factors, including light exposure and stress.
Role in Skin Pigmentation
MSH plays a crucial role in skin pigmentation by stimulating the production and release of melanin by melanocytes. When MSH binds to its receptor on the surface of melanocytes, it triggers a series of reactions that lead to the production of melanin.
Role in Immune Response
MSH also plays a role in the body's immune response. It has anti-inflammatory effects and can modulate the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation.
Role in Energy Homeostasis
MSH is involved in energy homeostasis by influencing food intake and energy expenditure. It is part of the central melanocortin system, which plays a key role in maintaining energy balance in the body.
Clinical Significance
Abnormalities in MSH function can lead to a variety of conditions, including Addison's disease, vitiligo, and obesity. In addition, MSH has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain skin cancers.
See Also
α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
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