Holiday heart syndrome
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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| Holiday heart syndrome | |
|---|---|
 ECG showing atrial fibrillation | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea, dizziness |
| Complications | Atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia |
| Onset | Sudden, often after alcohol consumption |
| Duration | Usually resolves within 24 hours |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Alcohol consumption, binge drinking |
| Risks | Excessive alcohol intake, stress, caffeine |
| Diagnosis | Electrocardiogram (ECG), clinical history |
| Differential diagnosis | Myocardial infarction, pericarditis, hyperthyroidism |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Observation, abstinence from alcohol, antiarrhythmic drugs |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Good with avoidance of triggers |
| Frequency | Common during holidays |
| Deaths | N/A |
Holiday Heart Syndrome is a medical condition characterized by cardiac arrhythmia, specifically atrial fibrillation, after bouts of heavy alcohol consumption. The term was coined in 1978 by Philip Ettinger who observed an increase in patients with arrhythmias during the holiday season.
Causes
Holiday Heart Syndrome is primarily caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The exact mechanism by which alcohol induces this syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of direct toxicity, electrolyte imbalances, and increased sympathetic activity. Other factors that may contribute to the development of this syndrome include dehydration, lack of sleep, and increased stress levels, which are common during the holiday season.
Symptoms
The most common symptom of Holiday Heart Syndrome is a rapid and irregular heartbeat, known as atrial fibrillation. Other symptoms may include palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain. In some cases, the syndrome may be asymptomatic and the arrhythmia is only detected through an electrocardiogram (ECG).
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of Holiday Heart Syndrome is typically made based on the patient's history of heavy drinking and the presence of atrial fibrillation on an ECG. Other tests that may be performed include blood tests to check for electrolyte imbalances and echocardiography to assess the structure and function of the heart.
Treatment
The primary treatment for Holiday Heart Syndrome is to abstain from alcohol. In addition, medications may be prescribed to control the heart rate and rhythm. In severe cases, cardioversion may be performed to restore normal heart rhythm.
Prognosis
The prognosis for Holiday Heart Syndrome is generally good, especially if the individual abstains from alcohol. However, if left untreated, the condition can lead to more serious heart problems, such as heart failure or stroke.
Prevention
The best way to prevent Holiday Heart Syndrome is to moderate alcohol consumption, especially during the holiday season. Other preventive measures include maintaining a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and managing stress levels.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
