Electrolyte

An electrolyte is a chemical that conducts electrical current. It is used in batteries to make the ions flow, producing current. Electrolytes ionize when dissolved in suitable solvents such as water. Most soluble salts, acids, and bases are electrolytes.

Electrolytes 150322-A-OD395-074

An electrolyte used in "electrolytic cells" carries the ions between the electrodes of the cell. Electrolytic cells may be used to extract constituent elements and compounds contained in the solution. A correct concentration of electrolytes is important to physiology.

Chemical Composition

Electrolytes can be acids, bases, or salts that dissociate into positive or negative ions when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water. Examples of electrolytes include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and many more.

Role in Energy Storage

Electrolytes are integral components of batteries, where they enable the flow of an electrical current. In a battery, an electrolyte is placed between the two electrodes, facilitating the movement of ions, which generates electrical energy.

Role in Physiology

In human physiology, electrolytes play crucial roles, including:

• Fluid Balance: They help balance the amount of water in your body.
• pH Regulation: They are essential for maintaining acid-base balance, crucial for normal cellular functions.
• Nerve and Muscle Function: They assist in transmitting nerve impulses and help muscles contract and relax.

The concentration of different electrolytes in the body is tightly regulated. This balance is essential for various bodily functions, and an imbalance can lead to symptoms such as muscle spasms, irregular heartbeat, fatigue, nausea, and even seizures.

Electrolyte Imbalance

Electrolyte imbalances can occur due to several factors such as illness, medications, and inadequate hydration. When electrolyte levels are too high or too low, it can be harmful, leading to muscular, nervous, cardiac, or other physiological dysfunctions. Treatment of electrolyte imbalances usually involves addressing the underlying cause and may include dietary changes, medications, or intravenous electrolyte replacement.

See Also

• Acid–base homeostasis
• Water-electrolyte imbalance
• Battery (electricity)

Related pages

• Cathode, includes anode
• Electrolysis

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