Cardiogenic shock
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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| Cardiogenic shock | |
|---|---|
| File:UOTW 7 - Ultrasound of the Week 1.webm | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Shortness of breath, chest pain, confusion, sweating, weak pulse |
| Complications | Organ failure, death |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, valvular heart disease |
| Risks | Coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, smoking |
| Diagnosis | Electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, blood tests |
| Differential diagnosis | Hypovolemic shock, septic shock, obstructive shock |
| Prevention | Management of risk factors, medication, lifestyle changes |
| Treatment | Medications, mechanical support, surgery |
| Medication | Inotropes, vasopressors |
| Prognosis | Poor without treatment |
| Frequency | 5-10% of myocardial infarction cases |
| Deaths | N/A |
File:UOTW 7 - Ultrasound of the Week 1.webm File:UOTW 7 - Ultrasound of the Week 2.webm File:UOTW 7 - Ultrasound of the Week 3.webm Cardiogenic shock is a medical condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation. This condition is a type of circulatory shock and is often a result of severe myocardial infarction (heart attack), but it can also be caused by other cardiac conditions such as cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and severe arrhythmias.
Pathophysiology
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart's pumping function is severely impaired. This impairment can be due to:
- Myocardial infarction: Damage to the heart muscle reduces its ability to contract.
- Cardiomyopathy: Diseases of the heart muscle that affect its ability to pump blood.
- Valvular heart disease: Dysfunction of the heart valves can lead to inadequate blood flow.
- Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms can disrupt the heart's ability to pump effectively.
The reduced cardiac output leads to decreased perfusion of vital organs, resulting in symptoms such as hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, and altered mental status.
Symptoms
The symptoms of cardiogenic shock include:
- Severe hypotension
- Rapid and weak pulse (tachycardia)
- Cold, clammy skin
- Oliguria (reduced urine output)
- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
- Altered mental status (confusion or loss of consciousness)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of cardiogenic shock is based on clinical presentation and diagnostic tests, including:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect myocardial infarction or arrhythmias.
- Echocardiography to assess heart function and structure.
- Blood tests to measure cardiac biomarkers such as troponin.
- Hemodynamic monitoring to measure blood pressure and cardiac output.
Treatment
The treatment of cardiogenic shock aims to improve cardiac output and tissue perfusion. It includes:
- Pharmacological therapy: Medications such as inotropes and vasopressors to support heart function and blood pressure.
- Mechanical support: Devices like intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) or ventricular assist device (VAD) to support the heart's pumping ability.
- Revascularization: Procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to restore blood flow in cases of myocardial infarction.
- Fluid management: Careful administration of fluids to optimize preload without causing fluid overload.
Prognosis
The prognosis of cardiogenic shock depends on the underlying cause and the timeliness of treatment. Despite advances in medical care, cardiogenic shock remains a serious condition with a high mortality rate.
See also
- Circulatory shock
- Myocardial infarction
- Cardiomyopathy
- Valvular heart disease
- Arrhythmias
- Intra-aortic balloon pump
- Ventricular assist device
- Percutaneous coronary intervention
- Coronary artery bypass grafting
Categories
Cardiovascular disease A-Z
Most common cardiac diseases
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Cardiogenetic disorders
- Cardiomegaly
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Chronic rheumatic heart diseases
- Congenital heart defects
- Heart neoplasia
- Ischemic heart diseases
- Pericardial disorders
- Syndromes affecting the heart
- Valvular heart disease
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A
- Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
- Acute decompensated heart failure
- Arteriosclerotic heart disease
- Athletic heart syndrome
- Atrial flutter
- Atrioventricular fistula
- Cardiovascular disease in Australia
- Autoimmune heart disease
B
C
- Ebb Cade
- Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
- Cardiac amyloidosis
- Cardiac asthma
- Cardiac tamponade
- Cardiogenic shock
- Cardiogeriatrics
- Cardiorenal syndrome
- Cardiotoxicity
- Carditis
- Coronary artery aneurysm
- Coronary artery anomaly
- Coronary artery disease
- Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
- Coronary artery ectasia
- Coronary occlusion
- Coronary steal
- Coronary thrombosis
- Coronary vasospasm
- Cœur en sabot
- Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy
D
E
H
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- Heart to Heart (1949 film)
- High-output heart failure
- Hyperdynamic precordium
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
I
- Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
- Interventricular dyssynchrony
- Intraventricular dyssynchrony
- Isolated atrial amyloidosis
K
L
M
- Mydicar
- Myocardial bridge
- Myocardial disarray
- Myocardial rupture
- Myocardial scarring
- Myocardial stunning
- Myocarditis
N
O
P
- Papillary fibroelastoma
- Pathophysiology of heart failure
- Postpericardiotomy syndrome
- Pulmonary vein stenosis
R
S
- Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease
- SCAR-Fc
- Shone's syndrome
- Strain pattern
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Sudden cardiac death of athletes
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
