Pulmonary aspiration

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Pulmonary aspiration
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain, fever
Complications	Aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, chronic lung disease
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Varies
Types	N/A
Causes	Gastroesophageal reflux disease, dysphagia, sedation, anesthesia
Risks	Neurological disorders, alcohol intoxication, elderly age, reduced consciousness
Diagnosis	Chest X-ray, bronchoscopy, sputum culture
Differential diagnosis	Pneumonia, pulmonary edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Prevention	Head elevation, swallowing therapy, dietary modifications
Treatment	Antibiotics, supportive care, oxygen therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depending on severity and complications
Frequency	Common in hospitalized patients
Deaths	N/A

Pulmonary aspiration

Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material (such as phlegm, food or drink, or stomach contents) from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract into the larynx (voice box) and lower respiratory tract, the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs. A person may either inhale the material, or it may be delivered into the tracheobronchial tree during positive pressure ventilation. When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking, the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as "going down the wrong pipe."

Barium aspiration Case

Causes

Consequences of pulmonary aspiration range from no injury at all, to chemical pneumonitis, to lung abscess, to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The risk of pulmonary aspiration is relatively high in individuals with a reduced level of consciousness (as a result of intoxication or anaesthetic). In healthy adults, the risk of aspiration is lowest when a person is sitting or standing and awake.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pulmonary aspiration include coughing, wheezing, fever, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, chest pain, and a bluish coloration of the skin (cyanosis).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pulmonary aspiration is based on patient history and often confirmed by physical examination and chest x-ray.

Treatment

Treatment for pulmonary aspiration depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms. It may include antibiotics for bacterial infections, bronchodilators for wheezing, oxygen therapy for low oxygen levels, and in severe cases, mechanical ventilation.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for pulmonary aspiration include maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding over sedation, proper positioning of the body during and after eating, and specific interventions by healthcare professionals such as speech therapists and occupational therapists.

See also

• Aspiration pneumonia
• Dysphagia
• Pneumonia
• Respiratory system

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References

External links

• Mayo Clinic - Pneumonia
• NHS - Pneumonia