Neurological disorders

Neurological disorders (pronunciation: /nʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkəl dɪsˈɔːdəz/) are medical conditions that affect the nervous system. The etymology of the term comes from the Greek words "neuron" meaning nerve and "logia" meaning study, combined with the Latin "dis" meaning apart and "ordo" meaning order.

Neurological disorders include diseases of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscles. These disorders can manifest in various ways, including paralysis, muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation, seizures, confusion, pain and altered levels of consciousness.

There are more than 600 diseases of the nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy, migraine and brain tumors.

Neurological disorders can be categorized based on the primary location affected, the primary type of dysfunction involved, or the primary type of cause. The broadest division is between central nervous system disorders and peripheral nervous system disorders.

Neurological disorders can affect an entire neurological pathway or a single neuron. Even a small disturbance to a neuron’s structural pathway can result in dysfunction. As a result, neurological disorders can result from a number of causes, including genetics, physical injuries, and infections.

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Neurological disorders