Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium Bicarbonate

Structural formula of sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO₃. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na⁺) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO₃⁻). Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate).

Chemical Properties

Sodium bicarbonate is a weak base that reacts with acids to produce carbon dioxide gas. This reaction is the basis for its use as a leavening agent in baking.

Uses

Baking

Cupcakes made with sodium bicarbonate as a leavening agent

In baking, sodium bicarbonate is primarily used as a leavening agent. When it reacts with acidic components in batters, it releases carbon dioxide, which causes the batter to expand and form the characteristic texture and grain in pancakes, cakes, quick breads, and other baked and fried foods.

Medical

Sodium bicarbonate is used in medicine as an antacid to treat acid indigestion and heartburn. It is also used in the treatment of metabolic acidosis and certain drug intoxications.

Cleaning

Sodium bicarbonate is a mild abrasive and can be used as a cleaning agent. It is effective in removing stains and odors.

Production

Sodium bicarbonate is produced industrially by the Solvay process, which involves the reaction of sodium chloride, ammonia, and carbon dioxide in water.

Safety

Sodium bicarbonate is generally safe to use, but excessive consumption can lead to metabolic alkalosis, a condition characterized by an elevated blood pH.

Related Compounds

• Sodium carbonate
• Sodium hydroxide
• Carbonic acid

Related Pages

• Baking powder
• Leavening agent
• Antacid

3D model of sodium bicarbonate crystal structure

Gallery

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  Sodium bicarbonate powder