Pulmonary aspiration: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Pulmonary aspiration | |||
| image = [[File:Upper_respiratory_tract.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Diagram of the upper respiratory tract | |||
| field = [[Pulmonology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Cough]], [[difficulty breathing]], [[chest pain]], [[fever]] | |||
| complications = [[Aspiration pneumonia]], [[lung abscess]], [[chronic lung disease]] | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = Varies | |||
| causes = [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]], [[dysphagia]], [[sedation]], [[anesthesia]] | |||
| risks = [[Neurological disorders]], [[alcohol intoxication]], [[elderly age]], [[reduced consciousness]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Chest X-ray]], [[bronchoscopy]], [[sputum culture]] | |||
| differential = [[Pneumonia]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] | |||
| prevention = [[Head elevation]], [[swallowing therapy]], [[dietary modifications]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]], [[supportive care]], [[oxygen therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depending on severity and complications | |||
| frequency = Common in hospitalized patients | |||
}} | |||
'''Pulmonary aspiration''' is the entry of material (such as [[phlegm]], food or drink, or stomach contents) from the [[oropharynx]] or [[gastrointestinal tract]] into the [[larynx]] (voice box) and lower respiratory tract, the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs. A person may either inhale the material, or it may be delivered into the tracheobronchial tree during positive pressure ventilation. When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking, the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as "going down the wrong pipe." | '''Pulmonary aspiration''' is the entry of material (such as [[phlegm]], food or drink, or stomach contents) from the [[oropharynx]] or [[gastrointestinal tract]] into the [[larynx]] (voice box) and lower respiratory tract, the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs. A person may either inhale the material, or it may be delivered into the tracheobronchial tree during positive pressure ventilation. When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking, the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as "going down the wrong pipe." | ||
[[File:Barium aspiration Case 178 (5613119927).jpg|left|thumb|Barium aspiration Case ]] | |||
[[File:Barium aspiration Case 178 (5613119927).jpg|thumb|Barium aspiration Case ]] | |||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Consequences of pulmonary aspiration range from no injury at all, to chemical [[pneumonitis]], to lung abscess, to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The risk of pulmonary aspiration is relatively high in individuals with a reduced level of consciousness (as a result of intoxication or anaesthetic). In healthy adults, the risk of aspiration is lowest when a person is sitting or standing and awake. | Consequences of pulmonary aspiration range from no injury at all, to chemical [[pneumonitis]], to lung abscess, to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The risk of pulmonary aspiration is relatively high in individuals with a reduced level of consciousness (as a result of intoxication or anaesthetic). In healthy adults, the risk of aspiration is lowest when a person is sitting or standing and awake. | ||
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== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
Symptoms of pulmonary aspiration include coughing, wheezing, fever, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, chest pain, and a bluish coloration of the skin (cyanosis). | Symptoms of pulmonary aspiration include coughing, wheezing, fever, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, chest pain, and a bluish coloration of the skin (cyanosis). | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of pulmonary aspiration is based on patient history and often confirmed by physical examination and chest x-ray. | Diagnosis of pulmonary aspiration is based on patient history and often confirmed by physical examination and chest x-ray. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for pulmonary aspiration depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms. It may include antibiotics for bacterial infections, bronchodilators for wheezing, oxygen therapy for low oxygen levels, and in severe cases, mechanical ventilation. | Treatment for pulmonary aspiration depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms. It may include antibiotics for bacterial infections, bronchodilators for wheezing, oxygen therapy for low oxygen levels, and in severe cases, mechanical ventilation. | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Prevention strategies for pulmonary aspiration include maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding over sedation, proper positioning of the body during and after eating, and specific interventions by healthcare professionals such as speech therapists and occupational therapists. | Prevention strategies for pulmonary aspiration include maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding over sedation, proper positioning of the body during and after eating, and specific interventions by healthcare professionals such as speech therapists and occupational therapists. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Aspiration pneumonia]] | * [[Aspiration pneumonia]] | ||
| Line 36: | Line 45: | ||
* [[Pneumonia]] | * [[Pneumonia]] | ||
* [[Respiratory system]] | * [[Respiratory system]] | ||
[[Category:Respiratory diseases]] | [[Category:Respiratory diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Medical emergencies]] | [[Category:Medical emergencies]] | ||
[[Category:Causes of death]] | [[Category:Causes of death]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354204 Mayo Clinic - Pneumonia] | * [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354204 Mayo Clinic - Pneumonia] | ||
* [https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pneumonia/ NHS - Pneumonia] | * [https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pneumonia/ NHS - Pneumonia] | ||
{{Respiratory pathology}} | {{Respiratory pathology}} | ||
{{Infectious diseases}} | {{Infectious diseases}} | ||
{{Emergency medicine}} | {{Emergency medicine}} | ||
Revision as of 15:52, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Pulmonary aspiration | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain, fever |
| Complications | Aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, chronic lung disease |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Varies |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Gastroesophageal reflux disease, dysphagia, sedation, anesthesia |
| Risks | Neurological disorders, alcohol intoxication, elderly age, reduced consciousness |
| Diagnosis | Chest X-ray, bronchoscopy, sputum culture |
| Differential diagnosis | Pneumonia, pulmonary edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Prevention | Head elevation, swallowing therapy, dietary modifications |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, supportive care, oxygen therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depending on severity and complications |
| Frequency | Common in hospitalized patients |
| Deaths | N/A |
Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material (such as phlegm, food or drink, or stomach contents) from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract into the larynx (voice box) and lower respiratory tract, the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs. A person may either inhale the material, or it may be delivered into the tracheobronchial tree during positive pressure ventilation. When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking, the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as "going down the wrong pipe."
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Causes
Consequences of pulmonary aspiration range from no injury at all, to chemical pneumonitis, to lung abscess, to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The risk of pulmonary aspiration is relatively high in individuals with a reduced level of consciousness (as a result of intoxication or anaesthetic). In healthy adults, the risk of aspiration is lowest when a person is sitting or standing and awake.
Symptoms
Symptoms of pulmonary aspiration include coughing, wheezing, fever, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, chest pain, and a bluish coloration of the skin (cyanosis).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of pulmonary aspiration is based on patient history and often confirmed by physical examination and chest x-ray.
Treatment
Treatment for pulmonary aspiration depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms. It may include antibiotics for bacterial infections, bronchodilators for wheezing, oxygen therapy for low oxygen levels, and in severe cases, mechanical ventilation.
Prevention
Prevention strategies for pulmonary aspiration include maintaining good oral hygiene, avoiding over sedation, proper positioning of the body during and after eating, and specific interventions by healthcare professionals such as speech therapists and occupational therapists.
See also
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References
<references />
External links
| Diseases of the respiratory system | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Infectious diseases | ||||||||||
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This infectious diseases related article is a stub.
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| Emergency medicine | ||||||||||
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