Curare
Curare
Curare (/kʊˈrɑːri/) is a common term for various plant extract alkaloid arrow poisons originating from Central and South America. These poisons function by competitively and reversibly inhibiting the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), causing paralysis.
Etymology
The term "curare" is derived from the Carib word kurari, meaning "he who lives". It was used by indigenous tribes in South America to refer to the poison used on their arrow tips during hunting.
History
Curare was used by South American indigenous people for hunting and warfare. The poison was often applied to arrows or darts and used in blowguns. The first detailed account of its use was by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1596 during his expedition to Guiana.
Pharmacology
Curare causes paralysis by blocking the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) at the neuromuscular junction. This prevents the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles, leading to paralysis and potentially death due to asphyxiation.
Medical Use
In the 20th century, curare was introduced into modern medicine to induce muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation. It is not used as an anesthetic agent because it does not affect consciousness or the pain threshold.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Curare
- Wikipedia's article - Curare
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