Human papillomavirus infection: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Papilloma Virus (HPV) EM.jpg|Papilloma Virus (HPV) EM|thumb]] [[File:Genital wart untreated.jpg|Genital wart untreated|thumb]] [[File:Throat Warts - HPV.jpg|Throat Warts - HPV|thumb | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Human papillomavirus infection | |||
| image = [[File:2r5k.jpg|left|thumb|Structure of the [[Human papillomavirus]]]] | |||
| caption = Structure of the [[Human papillomavirus]] | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| synonyms = HPV infection | |||
| symptoms = [[Warts]], [[cervical cancer]], [[anal cancer]], [[oropharyngeal cancer]] | |||
| complications = [[Cancer]], [[genital warts]] | |||
| onset = | |||
| duration = | |||
| causes = [[Human papillomavirus]] | |||
| risks = [[Multiple sexual partners]], [[immunosuppression]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Pap test]], [[HPV DNA test]] | |||
| differential = | |||
| prevention = [[HPV vaccine]], [[safe sex]] | |||
| treatment = [[Cryotherapy]], [[surgical removal]], [[topical medications]] | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = | |||
| frequency = | |||
| deaths = | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Papilloma Virus (HPV) EM.jpg|Papilloma Virus (HPV) EM|left|thumb]] [[File:Genital wart untreated.jpg|Genital wart untreated|left|thumb]] [[File:Throat Warts - HPV.jpg|Throat Warts - HPV|left|thumb]] [[File:CIN 1-HPV on ThinPrep.jpg|CIN 1-HPV on ThinPrep|left|thumb]] [[File:HpvInfectedSquamousEpithelialCell.png|HpvInfectedSquamousEpithelialCell|left|thumb]] | |||
'''Human papillomavirus infection''' (HPV infection) is a medical condition triggered by the [[human papillomavirus]] (HPV), a DNA virus from the [[Papillomaviridae]] family. HPV infections vary significantly, with many being asymptomatic and self-resolving within a two-year period. However, certain persistent infections can lead to the development of warts, precancerous lesions, or even certain types of cancer. | '''Human papillomavirus infection''' (HPV infection) is a medical condition triggered by the [[human papillomavirus]] (HPV), a DNA virus from the [[Papillomaviridae]] family. HPV infections vary significantly, with many being asymptomatic and self-resolving within a two-year period. However, certain persistent infections can lead to the development of warts, precancerous lesions, or even certain types of cancer. | ||
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== Clinical features == | == Clinical features == | ||
HPV is associated with a range of conditions, from benign warts to serious malignancies. The risk of cancer, largely dependent on the site of infection, can include: | HPV is associated with a range of conditions, from benign warts to serious malignancies. The risk of cancer, largely dependent on the site of infection, can include: | ||
* [[Cervical cancer]] | * [[Cervical cancer]] | ||
* [[Vulvar cancer]] | * [[Vulvar cancer]] | ||
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* [[Throat cancer]] | * [[Throat cancer]] | ||
HPV is responsible for almost all cervical cancer cases, with strains HPV16 and HPV18 accounting for approximately 70% of all instances. HPV16 also accounts for nearly 90% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. Between 60% and 90% of the other cancers listed above are also linked to HPV. | HPV is responsible for almost all cervical cancer cases, with strains HPV16 and HPV18 accounting for approximately 70% of all instances. HPV16 also accounts for nearly 90% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. Between 60% and 90% of the other cancers listed above are also linked to HPV. | ||
HPV6 and HPV11 are commonly associated with genital warts and [[laryngeal papillomatosis]], a condition characterized by wart-like growths in the larynx or voice box. | HPV6 and HPV11 are commonly associated with genital warts and [[laryngeal papillomatosis]], a condition characterized by wart-like growths in the larynx or voice box. | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Preventative measures against HPV include: | Preventative measures against HPV include: | ||
* '''[[HPV vaccine]]:''' Vaccines that offer protection against the most prevalent high-risk HPV strains (such as HPV16 and HPV18) and certain low-risk strains (like HPV6 and HPV11). It is recommended for both males and females, typically before they become sexually active. | * '''[[HPV vaccine]]:''' Vaccines that offer protection against the most prevalent high-risk HPV strains (such as HPV16 and HPV18) and certain low-risk strains (like HPV6 and HPV11). It is recommended for both males and females, typically before they become sexually active. | ||
* '''[[Condom]] usage:''' Regular and correct usage of condoms can help reduce HPV transmission risk. However, condoms don't provide complete protection as HPV can infect areas not covered by a condom. | * '''[[Condom]] usage:''' Regular and correct usage of condoms can help reduce HPV transmission risk. However, condoms don't provide complete protection as HPV can infect areas not covered by a condom. | ||
* '''Limiting [[sexual partners]]:''' Decreasing the number of sexual partners and choosing partners who have had fewer sexual partners can lower the risk of HPV infection. | * '''Limiting [[sexual partners]]:''' Decreasing the number of sexual partners and choosing partners who have had fewer sexual partners can lower the risk of HPV infection. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
There's no specific antiviral treatment for HPV infection. However, treatments are available for conditions resulting from HPV infection, such as warts or precancerous lesions. These treatments include: | There's no specific antiviral treatment for HPV infection. However, treatments are available for conditions resulting from HPV infection, such as warts or precancerous lesions. These treatments include: | ||
* '''Topical medications:''' For warts, creams or solutions containing active ingredients like salicylic acid may be applied to the affected area. | * '''Topical medications:''' For warts, creams or solutions containing active ingredients like salicylic acid may be applied to the affected area. | ||
* '''[[Cryotherapy]]:''' This involves freezing warts using liquid nitrogen for removal. | * '''[[Cryotherapy]]:''' This involves freezing warts using liquid nitrogen for removal. | ||
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* '''[[Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)]]:''' This procedure uses a wire loop carrying an electrical current to remove abnormal cervical tissue. | * '''[[Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)]]:''' This procedure uses a wire loop carrying an electrical current to remove abnormal cervical tissue. | ||
Regular screening procedures, like the [[Pap smear]] test for cervical cancer, can help detect precancerous changes early and prevent progression to cancer. | Regular screening procedures, like the [[Pap smear]] test for cervical cancer, can help detect precancerous changes early and prevent progression to cancer. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Cervical cancer]] | * [[Cervical cancer]] | ||
* [[Papillomavirus vaccine]] | * [[Papillomavirus vaccine]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:17, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Human papillomavirus infection | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | HPV infection |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Warts, cervical cancer, anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer |
| Complications | Cancer, genital warts |
| Onset | |
| Duration | |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Human papillomavirus |
| Risks | Multiple sexual partners, immunosuppression |
| Diagnosis | Pap test, HPV DNA test |
| Differential diagnosis | |
| Prevention | HPV vaccine, safe sex |
| Treatment | Cryotherapy, surgical removal, topical medications |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | |
| Deaths | |
_EM.jpg)
Human papillomavirus infection (HPV infection) is a medical condition triggered by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family. HPV infections vary significantly, with many being asymptomatic and self-resolving within a two-year period. However, certain persistent infections can lead to the development of warts, precancerous lesions, or even certain types of cancer.
Clinical features[edit]
HPV is associated with a range of conditions, from benign warts to serious malignancies. The risk of cancer, largely dependent on the site of infection, can include:
- Cervical cancer
- Vulvar cancer
- Vaginal cancer
- Penile cancer
- Anal cancer
- Oral cancer
- Tonsillar cancer
- Throat cancer
HPV is responsible for almost all cervical cancer cases, with strains HPV16 and HPV18 accounting for approximately 70% of all instances. HPV16 also accounts for nearly 90% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. Between 60% and 90% of the other cancers listed above are also linked to HPV. HPV6 and HPV11 are commonly associated with genital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis, a condition characterized by wart-like growths in the larynx or voice box.
Prevention[edit]
Preventative measures against HPV include:
- HPV vaccine: Vaccines that offer protection against the most prevalent high-risk HPV strains (such as HPV16 and HPV18) and certain low-risk strains (like HPV6 and HPV11). It is recommended for both males and females, typically before they become sexually active.
- Condom usage: Regular and correct usage of condoms can help reduce HPV transmission risk. However, condoms don't provide complete protection as HPV can infect areas not covered by a condom.
- Limiting sexual partners: Decreasing the number of sexual partners and choosing partners who have had fewer sexual partners can lower the risk of HPV infection.
Treatment[edit]
There's no specific antiviral treatment for HPV infection. However, treatments are available for conditions resulting from HPV infection, such as warts or precancerous lesions. These treatments include:
- Topical medications: For warts, creams or solutions containing active ingredients like salicylic acid may be applied to the affected area.
- Cryotherapy: This involves freezing warts using liquid nitrogen for removal.
- Surgery: Surgical procedures may be necessary to remove warts or precancerous lesions.
- Laser therapy: Lasers can be used to remove warts or lesions.
- Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP): This procedure uses a wire loop carrying an electrical current to remove abnormal cervical tissue.
Regular screening procedures, like the Pap smear test for cervical cancer, can help detect precancerous changes early and prevent progression to cancer.
See Also[edit]
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| Human papillomavirus | ||||||||
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| Sexually transmitted infections (STI) | ||||||||||
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| Infectious diseases – viral systemic diseases | ||||||||||
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| Skin infections, symptoms and signs related to viruses | ||
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