Skin infection

Overview

Cellulitis of the left leg

A skin infection is an infection of the skin and its underlying soft tissues. Skin infections can be caused by a wide variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. They can range from mild to severe and can affect any part of the body.

Types of Skin Infections

Skin infections are generally categorized based on the type of pathogen causing the infection:

Bacterial Skin Infections

Bacterial skin infections are caused by bacteria and are often characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. Common bacterial skin infections include:

• Cellulitis: A deep bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, often caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus species. It typically presents with redness, swelling, and tenderness of the affected area.
• Impetigo: A highly contagious superficial skin infection, often seen in children, characterized by honey-colored crusts.
• Folliculitis: An infection of the hair follicles, often caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Viral Skin Infections

Viral skin infections are caused by viruses and can present with a variety of symptoms, including rashes and blisters. Examples include:

• Herpes simplex: Causes cold sores or genital herpes.
• Varicella zoster virus: Causes chickenpox and shingles.

Fungal Skin Infections

Fungal infections of the skin are often caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, or molds. Common fungal infections include:

• Tinea (ringworm): A group of diseases caused by dermatophytes, affecting various parts of the body such as the scalp (tinea capitis) and feet (tinea pedis).
• Candidiasis: Caused by Candida species, often affecting moist areas of the body.

Parasitic Skin Infections

Parasitic infections of the skin are caused by parasites such as mites and lice. Examples include:

• Scabies: Caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, leading to intense itching and a pimple-like rash.
• Pediculosis: Infestation with lice, affecting the scalp or body.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of skin infections typically involves a clinical examination and may include laboratory tests such as cultures, skin scrapings, or biopsies to identify the causative organism.

Treatment

Treatment of skin infections depends on the type and severity of the infection. Options may include:

• Antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Antiviral medications for viral infections
• Antifungal treatments for fungal infections
• Topical or oral antiparasitic medications for parasitic infections

Prevention

Preventive measures for skin infections include maintaining good hygiene, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and using protective clothing or barriers when necessary.

Related pages

• Dermatology
• Infectious disease
• Antibiotic
• Antifungal