Central giant-cell granuloma: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Central giant-cell granuloma | |||
| image = [[File:Central_giant_cell_granuloma_-_very_high_mag.jpg|alt=Micrograph of a central giant-cell granuloma]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of a central giant-cell granuloma | |||
| field = [[Oral and maxillofacial pathology]] | |||
| synonyms = Giant cell reparative granuloma | |||
| symptoms = Swelling, pain, [[tooth mobility]], [[tooth displacement]] | |||
| complications = [[Pathological fracture]], [[root resorption]] | |||
| onset = Typically in the first three decades of life | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| types = Non-aggressive, aggressive | |||
| causes = Unknown | |||
| risks = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[trauma]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Radiograph]], [[biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Ameloblastoma]], [[odontogenic myxoma]], [[cherubism]], [[brown tumor]] | |||
| prevention = None | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical curettage]], [[corticosteroid injection]], [[calcitonin therapy]], [[interferon therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A benign intraosseous lesion of the jaw}} | {{Short description|A benign intraosseous lesion of the jaw}} | ||
'''Central giant-cell granuloma''' (CGCG) is a benign intraosseous lesion that occurs predominantly in the [[jaw]]s. It is characterized by the presence of [[multinucleated giant cells]] within a background of spindle-shaped [[stromal cells]]. CGCG is considered a non-neoplastic lesion, although it can exhibit aggressive behavior in some cases. | '''Central giant-cell granuloma''' (CGCG) is a benign intraosseous lesion that occurs predominantly in the [[jaw]]s. It is characterized by the presence of [[multinucleated giant cells]] within a background of spindle-shaped [[stromal cells]]. CGCG is considered a non-neoplastic lesion, although it can exhibit aggressive behavior in some cases. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
CGCG typically presents as a painless swelling in the jaw, most commonly affecting the [[mandible]] more than the [[maxilla]]. It is often discovered incidentally on [[radiographic imaging]] or when it causes noticeable facial asymmetry. The lesion can cause [[tooth displacement]] and [[root resorption]] in adjacent teeth. | CGCG typically presents as a painless swelling in the jaw, most commonly affecting the [[mandible]] more than the [[maxilla]]. It is often discovered incidentally on [[radiographic imaging]] or when it causes noticeable facial asymmetry. The lesion can cause [[tooth displacement]] and [[root resorption]] in adjacent teeth. | ||
==Radiographic Features== | ==Radiographic Features== | ||
On radiographs, CGCG appears as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency. The borders of the lesion can be well-defined or ill-defined, depending on the aggressiveness of the lesion. [[Panoramic radiography]] and [[cone beam computed tomography]] (CBCT) are commonly used to assess the extent of the lesion. | On radiographs, CGCG appears as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency. The borders of the lesion can be well-defined or ill-defined, depending on the aggressiveness of the lesion. [[Panoramic radiography]] and [[cone beam computed tomography]] (CBCT) are commonly used to assess the extent of the lesion. | ||
==Histopathology== | ==Histopathology== | ||
[[File:Central_giant_cell_granuloma_-_very_high_mag.jpg|Central giant-cell granuloma|thumb | [[File:Central_giant_cell_granuloma_-_very_high_mag.jpg|Central giant-cell granuloma|left|thumb]] | ||
Histologically, CGCG is characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells scattered within a fibrous stroma. The stroma contains spindle-shaped fibroblasts and [[capillaries]]. The giant cells are similar to those seen in other giant cell lesions, such as [[giant cell tumor of bone]]. | Histologically, CGCG is characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells scattered within a fibrous stroma. The stroma contains spindle-shaped fibroblasts and [[capillaries]]. The giant cells are similar to those seen in other giant cell lesions, such as [[giant cell tumor of bone]]. | ||
==Pathogenesis== | ==Pathogenesis== | ||
The exact pathogenesis of CGCG is not fully understood. It is thought to arise from a reactive process, possibly in response to local trauma or inflammation. Some studies suggest a possible genetic component, with mutations in the [[SH3BP2]] gene being implicated in some cases. | The exact pathogenesis of CGCG is not fully understood. It is thought to arise from a reactive process, possibly in response to local trauma or inflammation. Some studies suggest a possible genetic component, with mutations in the [[SH3BP2]] gene being implicated in some cases. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment of CGCG depends on the size and behavior of the lesion. Small, non-aggressive lesions may be managed with curettage alone. More aggressive lesions may require en bloc resection. Adjunctive therapies, such as [[corticosteroid]] injections, [[calcitonin]], or [[interferon]] therapy, have been used to reduce the size of the lesion before surgical intervention. | The treatment of CGCG depends on the size and behavior of the lesion. Small, non-aggressive lesions may be managed with curettage alone. More aggressive lesions may require en bloc resection. Adjunctive therapies, such as [[corticosteroid]] injections, [[calcitonin]], or [[interferon]] therapy, have been used to reduce the size of the lesion before surgical intervention. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for CGCG is generally good, with a low recurrence rate following complete surgical removal. However, aggressive lesions have a higher risk of recurrence and may require more extensive surgical management. | The prognosis for CGCG is generally good, with a low recurrence rate following complete surgical removal. However, aggressive lesions have a higher risk of recurrence and may require more extensive surgical management. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Giant cell tumor of bone]] | * [[Giant cell tumor of bone]] | ||
* [[Jaw tumors]] | * [[Jaw tumors]] | ||
* [[Fibro-osseous lesions]] | * [[Fibro-osseous lesions]] | ||
{{Oral pathology}} | {{Oral pathology}} | ||
[[Category:Oral pathology]] | [[Category:Oral pathology]] | ||
[[Category:Benign neoplasms]] | [[Category:Benign neoplasms]] | ||
[[Category:Jaw disorders]] | [[Category:Jaw disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:29, 4 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Central giant-cell granuloma | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Giant cell reparative granuloma |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Swelling, pain, tooth mobility, tooth displacement |
| Complications | Pathological fracture, root resorption |
| Onset | Typically in the first three decades of life |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | Non-aggressive, aggressive |
| Causes | Unknown |
| Risks | Genetic predisposition, trauma |
| Diagnosis | Radiograph, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Ameloblastoma, odontogenic myxoma, cherubism, brown tumor |
| Prevention | None |
| Treatment | Surgical curettage, corticosteroid injection, calcitonin therapy, interferon therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
A benign intraosseous lesion of the jaw
Central giant-cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign intraosseous lesion that occurs predominantly in the jaws. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells within a background of spindle-shaped stromal cells. CGCG is considered a non-neoplastic lesion, although it can exhibit aggressive behavior in some cases.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
CGCG typically presents as a painless swelling in the jaw, most commonly affecting the mandible more than the maxilla. It is often discovered incidentally on radiographic imaging or when it causes noticeable facial asymmetry. The lesion can cause tooth displacement and root resorption in adjacent teeth.
Radiographic Features[edit]
On radiographs, CGCG appears as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency. The borders of the lesion can be well-defined or ill-defined, depending on the aggressiveness of the lesion. Panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) are commonly used to assess the extent of the lesion.
Histopathology[edit]
Histologically, CGCG is characterized by the presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells scattered within a fibrous stroma. The stroma contains spindle-shaped fibroblasts and capillaries. The giant cells are similar to those seen in other giant cell lesions, such as giant cell tumor of bone.
Pathogenesis[edit]
The exact pathogenesis of CGCG is not fully understood. It is thought to arise from a reactive process, possibly in response to local trauma or inflammation. Some studies suggest a possible genetic component, with mutations in the SH3BP2 gene being implicated in some cases.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of CGCG depends on the size and behavior of the lesion. Small, non-aggressive lesions may be managed with curettage alone. More aggressive lesions may require en bloc resection. Adjunctive therapies, such as corticosteroid injections, calcitonin, or interferon therapy, have been used to reduce the size of the lesion before surgical intervention.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for CGCG is generally good, with a low recurrence rate following complete surgical removal. However, aggressive lesions have a higher risk of recurrence and may require more extensive surgical management.
