Hairy leukoplakia

Hairy leukoplakia
Synonyms	Oral hairy leukoplakia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	White patch on the tongue
Complications	None
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection
Risks	Immunosuppression, HIV/AIDS
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, Biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Oral candidiasis, Leukoplakia, Lichen planus
Prevention	Antiretroviral therapy
Treatment	Antiviral medication, Topical therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Benign
Frequency	Common in HIV/AIDS patients
Deaths	N/A

Hairy leukoplakia is a medical condition often associated with immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV/AIDS. It is characterized by white patches on the side of the tongue, which have a hairy or corrugated appearance.

Etiology

Hairy leukoplakia is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a type of herpesvirus. The virus infects the cells on the surface of the tongue, leading to the characteristic white patches.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of hairy leukoplakia is the presence of white patches on the side of the tongue. These patches cannot be scraped off and may have a hairy or corrugated appearance. Other symptoms may include a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and a feeling of discomfort in the mouth.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hairy leukoplakia is typically made based on the appearance of the tongue. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions, such as oral thrush or oral cancer.

Treatment

Treatment for hairy leukoplakia primarily involves managing the underlying condition that has led to the weakened immune system. This may involve antiretroviral therapy for individuals with HIV/AIDS. In some cases, antiviral medications may be used to directly target the Epstein-Barr virus.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with hairy leukoplakia is generally good, particularly if the underlying condition is well-managed. However, the presence of hairy leukoplakia can be an indicator of a weakened immune system, and may signal the progression of HIV to AIDS in individuals with HIV.

See also

• Oral candidiasis
• Oral cancer
• HIV/AIDS

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