Tachycardia

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Tachycardia
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain
Complications	Heart failure, stroke, cardiac arrest
Onset	Sudden or gradual
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Heart disease, electrolyte imbalance, fever, stress, exercise, anemia, hyperthyroidism
Risks	Smoking, alcohol use, caffeine, drug use, high blood pressure, diabetes
Diagnosis	Electrocardiogram, Holter monitor, event monitor, stress test
Differential diagnosis	Anxiety, panic attack, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Medication, cardioversion, catheter ablation, vagal maneuvers
Medication	Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiarrhythmics
Prognosis	Varies depending on underlying cause
Frequency	Common
Deaths	Varies depending on severity and treatment

Tachycardia is a medical condition characterized by a rapid heart rate, typically defined as more than 100 beats per minute (bpm) in adults. A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 bpm. Tachycardia can be caused by various factors, including stress, exercise, fever, medications, or underlying medical conditions. In some cases, tachycardia may be harmless and not require treatment; however, in other cases, it can be a sign of a more serious health issue and may require medical attention.

Types of Tachycardia

There are several types of tachycardia, including:

• Sinus tachycardia: This is a normal increase in heart rate due to factors such as exercise, stress, or fever. It typically resolves on its own once the underlying cause is addressed.
• Atrial fibrillation: This is an irregular and often rapid heart rate caused by disorganized electrical signals in the atria, the heart's upper chambers. Atrial fibrillation can increase the risk of stroke and other complications if left untreated.
• Atrial flutter: Similar to atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter is caused by rapid and irregular electrical signals in the atria. It can also increase the risk of stroke and other complications.
• Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): This is a rapid heart rate originating above the ventricles, often caused by abnormal electrical pathways in the heart. SVT episodes can be short-lived or last for extended periods.
• Ventricular tachycardia: A rapid heart rate that originates in the heart's lower chambers, the ventricles. Ventricular tachycardia can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

Causes and Risk Factors

Tachycardia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Physical exertion, stress, or anxiety
• Fever or dehydration
• Medical conditions such as anemia, hyperthyroidism, or heart disease
• Medications, caffeine, alcohol, or drug use
• Smoking

Some individuals may have a higher risk of developing tachycardia due to genetics or pre-existing medical conditions.

Symptoms and Complications

Tachycardia may not always cause noticeable symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can include:

• Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting
• Chest pain

In some cases, tachycardia can lead to serious complications, such as:

• Increased risk of stroke
• Heart failure
• Sudden cardiac arrest

Diagnosis and Treatment

A healthcare professional can diagnose tachycardia through a physical examination, medical history, and tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) or Holter monitor. Treatment options for tachycardia depend on the underlying cause, type, and severity of the condition. They may include:

• Addressing the underlying cause (e.g., treating fever, managing stress)
• Medications to control heart rate or rhythm
• Cardioversion (electrical shock therapy to restore normal heart rhythm)
• Catheter ablation (a minimally invasive procedure to remove abnormal electrical pathways in the heart)
• Implantation of a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) to regulate heart rhythm

Also see

• Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

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