Mitral stenosis

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Mitral stenosis
Synonyms	MS
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Dyspnea, fatigue, palpitations, hemoptysis
Complications	Atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure
Onset	Typically 20-40 years after initial rheumatic fever
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Rheumatic fever, congenital heart defect, calcium deposition
Risks	History of rheumatic fever, female gender
Diagnosis	Echocardiography, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram
Differential diagnosis	Mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis, tricuspid stenosis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Balloon valvuloplasty, mitral valve replacement, diuretics
Medication	Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, anticoagulants
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and treatment
Frequency	Decreasing in developed countries, more common in developing countries
Deaths	N/A

Mitral valve stenosis

Rheumatic heart disease, gross pathology

Mitral stenosis is a heart disease that affects the mitral valve. This condition causes the valve to narrow, which can lead to a variety of health problems.

Causes

Mitral stenosis is most commonly caused by rheumatic fever, a condition that can develop after a streptococcal infection. Other causes can include congenital heart defects, calcification of the mitral valve, and endocarditis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of mitral stenosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations. In severe cases, mitral stenosis can lead to heart failure.

Diagnosis

Mitral stenosis is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests. These tests can include an echocardiogram, chest X-ray, and cardiac catheterization.

Treatment

Treatment for mitral stenosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Options can include medication, surgery, and lifestyle changes. In severe cases, a mitral valve replacement may be necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with mitral stenosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the individual's overall health. With proper treatment, many individuals can lead a normal life.

Images

• 

  Mitral stenosis pressure tracings

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  Phonocardiograms from normal and abnormal heart sounds

• 

  Mitral valvuloplasty.

See also

• Mitral valve
• Heart disease
• Rheumatic fever

References

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