Heart murmur

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Heart murmur
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abnormal heart sounds
Complications	Heart failure, endocarditis, stroke
Onset	Can be present at birth or develop later
Duration	Varies
Types	N/A
Causes	Congenital heart defect, valvular heart disease, septal defect, anemia, fever
Risks	Family history, rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis
Diagnosis	Auscultation, echocardiogram, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram
Differential diagnosis	Normal heart sounds, pericardial friction rub
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Depends on the underlying cause; may include medication, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies depending on the cause
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Heart murmurs are audible sounds produced during the cardiac cycle, often characterized by a 'whooshing' or 'swishing' noise. These sounds, distinct from the normal heart 'lub-dub' sound, can be classified as either innocent (harmless) or abnormal.

Understanding Heart Murmurs

Heart murmurs can be a benign phenomenon occurring when blood flows more rapidly than usual through the heart. This can occur during exercise, pregnancy, or rapid growth in children. However, abnormal heart murmurs may indicate a more serious cardiac condition, including congenital heart defects present at birth or acquired heart valve disease.

Diseases of infancy and childhood (1914) (14585348819)

Symptoms Associated with Heart Murmurs

While innocent murmurs typically do not cause symptoms, abnormal murmurs may be associated with other signs such as shortness of breath, dizziness or fainting, bluish skin (cyanosis), or a chronic cough.

Diagnosis and Assessment

A heart murmur can usually be detected during a physical examination with a stethoscope. If a murmur is identified, the clinician will assess its characteristics including its loudness, location, and timing within the cardiac cycle. This assessment aids in determining whether the murmur is innocent or indicative of a more serious condition. Patients suspected of having a serious underlying heart condition may be referred to a cardiologist for further evaluation. Additional diagnostic tests such as an electrocardiogram (EKG) or echocardiogram may be performed to evaluate heart rhythm, structural abnormalities, and overall cardiac function.

Treatment

The heart murmur itself does not require treatment. However, if it is caused by a more serious heart condition, appropriate treatment for that condition may be indicated. This can include medication, cardiac catheterization, or cardiac surgery, depending on the nature and severity of the underlying condition.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with heart murmurs largely depends on the underlying condition causing the murmur. Individuals with innocent murmurs generally have a normal lifespan and require no medical intervention. However, those with abnormal murmurs due to serious heart conditions may require ongoing medical management, and the prognosis varies based on the specific heart condition and its severity.

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