Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome

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Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome
Synonyms	LGL syndrome
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Palpitations, dizziness, syncope
Complications	Atrial fibrillation, tachycardia
Onset	Typically in adolescence or early adulthood
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Abnormal electrical conduction in the heart
Risks	Family history, genetic predisposition
Diagnosis	Electrocardiogram, Holter monitor
Differential diagnosis	Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, AV nodal reentrant tachycardia
Prevention	None specific
Treatment	Medication, catheter ablation
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome (LGL) is a pre-excitation syndrome of the heart. It is characterized by a short PR interval, normal QRS complex, and episodes of tachycardia. The syndrome is named after Bernard Lown, William Francis Ganong Jr., and Samuel A. Levine.

Etiology

The exact cause of LGL syndrome is unknown. It is thought to be due to an accessory pathway that bypasses the atrioventricular node, leading to rapid conduction of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles.

Clinical Features

Patients with LGL syndrome may experience episodes of rapid heart rate (tachycardia), palpitations, dizziness, and sometimes fainting (syncope). These symptoms can occur at any age, but are more common in young adults.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of LGL syndrome is based on the electrocardiogram (ECG) findings of a short PR interval and normal QRS complex. Other tests, such as an electrophysiological study, may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and identify the location of the accessory pathway.

Treatment

The treatment of LGL syndrome is aimed at controlling the symptoms and preventing complications. This may include medications to slow the heart rate, and in some cases, a procedure called catheter ablation to destroy the accessory pathway.

Prognosis

The prognosis of LGL syndrome is generally good. With appropriate treatment, most patients can lead a normal life. However, there is a risk of serious complications, such as sudden cardiac death, especially in patients with underlying heart disease.

See Also

• Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
• Pre-excitation syndromes
• Tachycardia
• Electrocardiogram
• Catheter ablation

References

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